Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa

Qing invasion of Vietnam
Fuk'anggan and Sun Shiyi defeated the Vietnamese at Thọ Xương's river in 1788
Date 1788 – 1789 Location Vietnam Result Qing Dynasty defeat Qing forces retreated from Vietnam The Lê dynasty was superseded by the Tây Sơn dynasty Independent Vietnam was reserved
Belligerents
Qing Empire Lê dynasty	Tây Sơn dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Sun Shiyi Xu Shiheng † Shang Weisheng † Zhang Chaolong † Li Hualong † Wu Dajing Cen Yidong † Lê Chiêu Thống Hoàng Phùng Nghĩa	Nguyễn Huệ Phan Văn Lân Ngô Văn Sở Nguyễn Tăng Long Đặng Xuân Bảo Nguyễn Văn Lộc Nguyễn Văn Tuyết Đặng Tiến Đông Phan Khải Đức  Nguyễn Văn Diễm Nguyễn Văn Hòa
Strength
20,000 Lê dynasty supporters Qing records mentioned 15,000 Qing troops (including porters) The Chronicle of Greater Vietnam mentioned 200,000–290,000 Qing troops	100,000 (50,000 regulars, 20,000 newly recruited militia)
Casualties and losses
30,000 killed 3,400 captured	8,000+

Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa (Vietnamese: Trận Ngọc Hồi - Đống Đa; Chinese: 清軍入越戰爭) was fought between the Tây Sơn dynasty of Vietnam and the Qing dynasty of China in and Đống Đa in northern Vietnam from 1788 to 1789. It is considered one of the greatest victories in Vietnamese military history.

For most of the history, Vietnamese kings sometimes recognized the Chinese Emperor as their feudal lord, while ruling independently in their own land. This had been the case throughout the reign of the Later Lê dynasty.

However, the Tây Sơn uprising broke out in 1771, and the Lê dynasty was overthrown by the Tây Sơn army in 1787. The last emperor, Lê Chiêu Thống, fled to China and appealed to the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Empire for help. In 1788, a large Qing army was sent to Vietnam, in order to restore Lê Chiêu Thống to the throne.

Sun Shiyi, the Qing Viceroy of Liangguang, was appointed as commander in chief. According to Draft History of Qing, the total number of Qing troops was about 200,000-290,000 (Qing records mentioned 15,000 troops, including soldiers and porters) which were recruited from Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces.

In October, the Qing armies began their invasion. On November 19, Thăng Long (modern Hanoi) was captured by Qing forces. The Vietnamese retreated to Tam Điệp mountains; from there they sent a messenger to Phú Xuân (modern Huế), appealing to Nguyễn Huệ for help.

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Wikipedia