Battle of Mulhouse

Battle of Mulhouse (Mülhausen)
Part of the Battle of the Frontiers on the Western Front of World War I
Operations in Alsace, 1914
Date 7–10, 14–26 August 1914 Location Vicinity of Mulhouse, Alsace 47°44′58″N 7°20′24″E / 47.74944°N 7.34000°E / 47.74944; 7.34000Coordinates: 47°44′58″N 7°20′24″E / 47.74944°N 7.34000°E / 47.74944; 7.34000 Result German victory
Belligerents
France	German Empire
Commanders and leaders
Auguste Dubail Louis Bonneau Paul Pau	Josias von Heeringen
Strength
First Army VII Corps (45,000 men) Army of Alsace	7th Army XIV and XV Corps (30,000 men engaged)
Casualties and losses
4,000	3,000
Mulhouse Mulhouse, now a city and commune in eastern France, near the Swiss and German frontiers

The Battle of Mulhouse (German: Mülhausen), also called the Battle of Alsace (French: Bataille d'Alsace), which began on 7 August 1914, was the opening attack of World War I by the French Army against Germany. The battle was part of a French attempt to recover the province of Alsace, which France had ceded to the new German Empire following defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. The French occupied Mulhouse on 8 August and were then forced out by German counter-attacks on 10 August. The French retired to Belfort, where General Louis Bonneau, the VII Corps commander was sacked along with the commander of the 8th Cavalry Division. Events further north led to the German XIV and XV corps being moved away from Belfort and a second French offensive by the French VII Corps, reinforced and renamed the French Army of Alsace (General Paul Pau), began on 14 August.

The Army of Alsace advanced cautiously, during the Battle of Lorraine, the principal French offensive by the First and Second armies, into the border province of Lorraine (German: Lothringen). The French reached the area west of Mulhouse by 16 August and fought their way into the city by 19 August. The German survivors were pursued eastwards over the Rhine and the French took 3,000 prisoners. Joffre ordered the offensive to continue but by 23 August, preparations were halted as news of the French defeats in Lorraine and the Ardennes arrived. On 26 August, the French withdrew from Mulhouse to a more defensible line near Altkirch, to provide reinforcements for the French armies closer to Paris. The Army of Alsace was disbanded, the VII Corps was transferred to the Somme area in Picardy and the 8th Cavalry Division was attached to the First Army, to which two more divisions were sent later. The German 7th Army took part in the counter-offensive in Lorraine with the German 6th Army and in early September was transferred to the Aisne.