Basque prehistory
This article deals with the prehistory of the modern Basque Country. For a wider but less specific view see: Prehistoric Iberia and Prehistoric France.
The Prehistory of the Basque Country spans from the first hominin settlements c. 150,000 BP, until at least the conquest by the Roman Empire c. 50 BCE.
The Lower Paleolithic period, the work of Homo erectus, left very few remains in the Basque Country. The first settlers may have arrived in the Riss-Würm interglacial period, between 150,000 and 75,000 BP, carrying with them the Acheulean technology. These people settle mainly in the lowlands, near the rivers Ebro and Adour, in the regions of Araba, Navarre, Labourd and Lower Navarre.
The Middle Paleolithic period is defined by the Mousterian technology and, in Europe, it is work of Homo neanderthalensis.
These Neanderthals settled the Basque Country somewhat more widely than their predecessors, colonizing as well the high coastal lands of Biscay and Gipuzkoa. Neanderthal remains have been found in Lezetxiki and Axlor caves.
The hominin that became dominant in the Upper Paleolithic period was Homo sapiens. It includes a sequence of archaeological cultures.
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