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Baking soda

Sodium bicarbonate
SodiumBicarbonate.png
Ball and stick model of a sodium cation
Ball and stick model of a bicarbonate anion
Sample of sodium bicarbonate
Names
IUPAC name
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Other names
Baking soda, bicarb (laboratory slang), bicarbonate of soda, nahcolite
Identifiers
144-55-8 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
4153970
ChEBI CHEBI:32139 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL1353 YesY
ChemSpider 8609 YesY
DrugBank DB01390 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.122
EC Number 205-633-8
4507
KEGG C12603 YesY
MeSH Sodium+bicarbonate
PubChem 516892
RTECS number VZ0950000
UNII 8MDF5V39QO YesY
Properties
NaHCO
3
Molar mass 84.0066 g mol−1
Appearance White crystals
Odor odorless
Density 2.20 g/cm3 as a solid

1.1 to 1.3 as a powder

Melting point (decomposes to sodium carbonate starting at 50 °C)
69 g/L (0 °C)

96 g/L (20 °C)
165 g/L (60 °C)
236 g/L (100 °C)

Solubility 0.02 wt% acetone, 2.13 wt% methanol @22 °C. insoluble in ethanol
log P -0.82
Acidity (pKa) 10.329

6.351 (carbonic acid)

nα = 1.377 nβ = 1.501 nγ = 1.583
Structure
monoclinic
Thermochemistry
87.61 J/mol K
102 J/mol K
-947.7 kJ/mol
-851.9 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
B05CB04 (WHO) B05XA02 (WHO), QG04BQ01 (WHO)
Intravenous, oral
Hazards
Main hazards Causes serious eye irritation
Safety data sheet External MSDS
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g., sodium chloride Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point incombustible
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
4220 mg/kg ( rat, oral )
Related compounds
Other anions
Sodium carbonate
Other cations
Ammonium bicarbonate

Potassium bicarbonate

Related compounds
Sodium bisulfate

Sodium hydrogen phosphate

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

1.1 to 1.3 as a powder

96 g/L (20 °C)
165 g/L (60 °C)
236 g/L (100 °C)

6.351 (carbonic acid)

Potassium bicarbonate

Sodium hydrogen phosphate

Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate) is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is nahcolite. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs. It is among the food additives encoded by the European Union, identified as E 500. Since it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda. In colloquial usage, the names sodium bicarbonate and bicarbonate of soda are often truncated. Forms such as sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, bicarb, or even bica are common. The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus meaning "aerated salt", was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate.

The prefix "bi" in "bicarbonate" comes from an outdated naming system and is based on the observation that there is twice as much carbonate (CO3) per sodium in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as there is carbonate per sodium in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and other carbonates. The modern way of analyzing the situation based on the exact chemical composition (which was unknown when the name "sodium bicarbonate" was coined) says this the other way around: there is half as much sodium in NaHCO3 as in Na2CO3 (Na versus Na2).


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