Bakhtinian
| Mikhail Bakhtin | |
|---|---|
Mikhail Bakhtin (1920)
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| Born | 17 November [O.S. 5 November] 1895 Oryol, Russian Empire |
| Died | 7 March 1975 (aged 79) Moscow, Russian SFSR |
| Alma mater |
Odessa University (no degree) Petrograd Imperial University |
| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Russian Philosophy |
| School | Dialogic criticism |
| Institutions | Mordovian Pedagogical Institute |
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Main interests
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Semiotics, literary criticism |
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Notable ideas
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Heteroglossia, dialogism, chronotope, carnivalesque, polyphony |
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Influenced
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Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (/bɑːkˈtiːn, bɑːx-/;Russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович Бахти́н, pronounced [mʲɪxɐˈil mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ bɐxˈtʲin]; 17 November [O.S. 5 November] 1895 – 7 March 1975) was a Russian philosopher, literary critic, semiotician and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and the philosophy of language. His writings, on a variety of subjects, inspired scholars working in a number of different traditions (Marxism, semiotics, structuralism, religious criticism) and in disciplines as diverse as literary criticism, history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology and psychology. Although Bakhtin was active in the debates on aesthetics and literature that took place in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, his distinctive position did not become well known until he was rediscovered by Russian scholars in the 1960s.
Bakhtin was born in Oryol, Russia, to an old family of the nobility. His father was the manager of a bank and worked in several cities. For this reason Bakhtin spent his early childhood years in Oryol, in Vilnius, and then in Odessa, where in 1913 he joined the historical and philological faculty at the local university (the Odessa University). Katerina Clark and Michael Holquist write: "Odessa..., like Vilnius, was an appropriate setting for a chapter in the life of a man who was to become the philosopher of heteroglossia and carnival. The same sense of fun and irreverence that gave birth to Babel's Rabelaisian gangster or to the tricks and deceptions of Ostap Bender, the picaro created by Ilf and Petrov, left its mark on Bakhtin." He later transferred to Petrograd Imperial University to join his brother Nikolai. It is here that Bakhtin was greatly influenced by the classicist F. F. Zelinsky, whose works contain the beginnings of concepts elaborated by Bakhtin.
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