BDSM in culture and media

There are frequent references to BDSM (i.e., bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism and masochism) in books, films, television, music, magazines and online media.

Recent events and figures related to BDSM have been repeatedly spotlighted in the media.

Sadomasochism is a perennial in the field of literature and has inspired several classics like The Story of O by Anne Declos (under the pseudonym Pauline Réage), Justine by Marquis de Sade, Venus in Furs by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch or the comics created by Eric Stanton. A literary curiosity is Martha's letter to Leopold Bloom in Ulysses by James Joyce. The novel Nine and a Half Weeks: A Memoir of a Love Affair published in 1978 by Elizabeth McNeill was the basis of the Hollywood movie 9½ Weeks.

Well-known author Anne Rice published under the pseudonym A. N. Roquelaure three installments of her Sleeping Beauty Trilogy (The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty, 1983), Beauty's Punishment (1984) and Beauty's Release (1985) with explicit BDSM themes.

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