Axel Heiberg Island
Closeup of Axel Heiberg Island
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| Geography | |
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| Location | Arctic Ocean |
| Coordinates | 79°26′N 090°46′W / 79.433°N 90.767°WCoordinates: 79°26′N 090°46′W / 79.433°N 90.767°W |
| Archipelago |
Sverdrup Islands Queen Elizabeth Islands Canadian Arctic Archipelago |
| Area | 43,178 km2 (16,671 sq mi) |
| Area rank | 32nd |
| Length | 371 km (230.5 mi) |
| Width | 220–246 km (137–153 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 2,210 m (7,250 ft) |
| Highest point | Outlook Peak |
| Administration | |
| Territory | Nunavut |
| Region | Qikiqtaaluk |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 |
Axel Heiberg Island is an island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. Located in the Arctic Ocean, it is the 31st largest island in the world and Canada's seventh largest island. According to Statistics Canada, it has an area of 43,178 km2 (16,671 sq mi). Named after Axel Heiberg.
One of the larger members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, it is also a member of the Sverdrup Islands and Queen Elizabeth Islands. It is known for its unusual fossil forests, which date from the Eocene period. Owing to the lack of mineralization in many of the forest specimens, the traditional characterization of "fossilisation" fails for these forests and "mummification" may be a clearer description. It is clear that the Axel Heiberg forest was a high latitude wetland forest.
Axel Heiberg Island has been inhabited in the past by Inuit people, but was uninhabited by the time it was named by Otto Sverdrup, who explored it in 1900-01. He named it after Axel Heiberg, financial director of the Norwegian Ringnes brewery which sponsored the expedition. Other explorers visited the island during the early 20th century, during which time it was claimed by Norway until 1930. It is now part of Nunavut Territory, Canada. It wasn't until the late 1940s that the island was aerially photographed by the United States Army Air Forces' Operation Polaris. In 1955 two geologists of the Geological Survey of Canada, N.J. McMillan and Souther, traversed the interior as part of Operation Franklin. McMillan's observations of Bunde Glacier, in northwest Axel Heiberg Island, are the earliest glaciological observations on the ground to have found their way into a scientific publication.
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