Arthur Rose Vincent CBE (9 June 1876 – 24 September 1956) was an Irish politician and barrister. He also served as a judge of various British colonial and extraterritorial courts. Together with his parents-in-law, he donated Muckross House and its estate to the Irish state.
Vincent was born into an Anglo-Irish family based in Summerhill House in Clonlara, County Clare. His parents were Colonel Arthur Hare Vincent (1840–1916) and Elizabeth Rose Davidson-Manson (1844–1879).
Vincent was born in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, India, where his father commanded the 3rd The King's Own Hussars. He left there by the time he was three and never went back to India.
Vincent was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire, College de France, Paris and at Trinity College, Dublin. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws and qualified as Barrister-at-Law with King's Inn, Dublin.
In 1903, Vincent joined the Foreign Office Judicial service. In that year, he was appointed Magistrate in Kisumu, British East Africa. In 1905, he appointed Second Assistant Judge in Zanzibar. With effect from April 1906, he was appointed Assistant Judge for the British Court for Siam in Bangkok. In 1908, he was appointed Acting Assistant Judge of the British Supreme Court for China and Corea in Shanghai while the Judge of the Court Havilland de Sausmarez was on sick leave. He served in that position for one year. He met his future wife travelling from Shanghai to San Francisco. He returned to Zanzibar as Acting Assistant Judge briefly from October 1909 to January 1910, when he resigned from Foreign Office service.