Arthur Kornberg
| Arthur Kornberg | |
|---|---|
Arthur Kornberg
|
|
| Born |
March 3, 1918 New York City, United States |
| Died | October 26, 2007 (aged 89) Stanford, United States |
| Fields | Molecular biology |
| Institutions |
National Institutes of Health Washington University in St. Louis Stanford University |
| Alma mater |
City College of New York University of Rochester |
| Doctoral students |
Randy Schekman James Spudich Tania A. Baker Lee Rowen Doug Brutlag David L. Nelson |
| Notable awards |
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 Fellow of the Royal Society Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry, 1951 National Medal of Science 1979 Gairdner Foundation Award 1995; |
| Spouse | Sylvy Ruth Levy (1943–1986; her death; 3 children) Charlene Walsh Levering (1988–1995; her death) Carolyn Frey Dixon (1998–2007; his death) |
Arthur Kornberg (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" together with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University. He was also awarded the Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry from the American Chemical Society in 1951, L.H.D. degree from Yeshiva University in 1962, as well as National Medal of Science in 1979.
His primary research interests were in biochemistry, especially enzyme chemistry, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis (DNA replication) and studying the nucleic acids which control heredity in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses.
Born in New York City, Arthur Kornberg was the son of Jewish parents Joseph and Lena (née Katz) Kornberg, who emigrated to New York from Austrian Galicia (now part of Poland) in 1900 before they were married. His paternal grandfather had changed the family name from Queller (also spelled Kweller) to avoid the draft by taking on the identity of someone who had already completed military service. Joseph married Lena in 1904. Joseph worked as a sewing machine operator in the sweat shops of the Lower East side of New York for almost 30 years, and when his health failed, opened a small hardware store in Brooklyn, where Arthur assisted customers at the age of nine. Joseph spoke at least six languages although he had no formal education.
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