Archibald Macallum
| Archibald Byron Macallum | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
April 7, 1858 Belmont, Canada West |
| Died | April 5, 1934 (aged 75) London, Ontario |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Awards | Flavelle Medal (1930) |
Archibald Byron Macallum, FRS (April 7, 1858 – April 5, 1934) was a Canadian biochemist and founder of the National Research Council of Canada. He was an influential figure in the development of Medical School of Toronto from a provincial school to a major institution. His scientific work centered on studies of ionic composition of cells and of blood.
Macallum was born in Belmont, Canada West, the son of a Scottish immigrant and one of twelve children. He grew up speaking Gaelic at home, learning English at school. He attended high school in London, Ontario and became a teacher after graduation. After saving money for several years he entered the University of Toronto. There he was influenced by biology professor Ramsay Wright; at 22 he earned a B.A. and was awarded the medal in natural science. Over the next several years, he taught high school in Cornwall, Ontario and continued scientific work under Wright's direction. In 1883, he became a lecturer in biology at the University of Toronto and started work on a medical degree, studying both with Wright and with H. Newell Martin of Johns Hopkins University. In 1888 he earned a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins, and two years later completed a medical degree from the University of Toronto; he then became the first chair of physiology at Toronto.
In his first years as physiology chair at the University of Toronto, Macallum and several other biologists trained by Wright (anatomy chair James McMurrich and pathology professor J. J. Mackenzie) fought to replace the Toronto medical school's traditional medical education with a curriculum based on biological science. They had largely succeeded in this by 1908, when Macallum became Chair of Biochemistry, a newly created position. In 1917, he left academia to organize the National Research Council. In 1920 he returned to chair the new Department of Biochemistry at McGill University, where he stayed until retirement in 1928.
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