Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll

9th Earl of Argyll
The Earl of Argyll, portrait from Argyll's Lodging.
Born	26 February 1629 Dalkeith
Died	30 Jun 1685 Edinburgh, Scotland
Cause of death	Execution
Resting place	Kilmun Parish Church
Nationality	Scottish
Alma mater	University of Glasgow
Occupation	Chief of Clan Campbell, military officer, politician
Title	9th Earl of Argyll, member of the Privy Council of Scotland
Spouse(s)	Lady Mary Stuart Lady Anna Mackenzie
Children	Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll John Campbell of Mamore another two sons and three daughters
Parent(s)	Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll Lady Margaret Douglas

Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll (26 February 1629 – 30 June 1685) was a Scottish peer and soldier.

The hereditary chief of Clan Campbell, and a prominent figure in Scottish politics, he was a Royalist supporter during the latter stages of the Scottish Civil War and its aftermath. During the period of the Cromwellian Protectorate he was involved in several Royalist uprisings and was for a time imprisoned.

After the Restoration of Charles II, despite his previous Royalism he fell under suspicion due to his hereditary judicial powers in the Highlands and his strong Presbyterian religious sympathies. Condemned to death in 1681 on a highly dubious charge of treason and libel, he escaped from prison and was later to mount "Argyll's Rising", a 1685 Scottish rebellion against James II intended to support the Monmouth Rebellion. The Rising failed, and Argyll was captured and beheaded.

He was born in 1629 in Dalkeith, Scotland, the eldest son of Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, and Lady Margaret Douglas, the daughter of William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton.

At the age of four, an agreement was made, in accordance with a custom common amongst the Scottish nobility of the time, for young Archibald to be fostered with Colin Campbell of Glenorchy, one of his father's kinsmen. At his parents' insistence he was raised bilingually in English and Gaelic. He enrolled at Glasgow University in 1643, and between 1647-49 his father sent him to travel in France and Italy, mainly to protect him from the political upheavals taking place in Scotland at the time. His father, as one of the most powerful nobles in Scotland, became heavily involved in the politics of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, emerging as the leader of the Presbyterian Covenanter party and as the de facto head of the Scottish government for much of the period.