Aquaviva (titular see)

Nerola
Comune
Comune di Nerola
Historical center of Nerola.
Nerola Location of Nerola in Italy
Coordinates: 42°10′N 12°47′E / 42.167°N 12.783°E / 42.167; 12.783Coordinates: 42°10′N 12°47′E / 42.167°N 12.783°E / 42.167; 12.783
Country	Italy
Region	Lazio
Province / Metropolitan city	Rome
Government
• Mayor	Sabina Granieri
Area
• Total	18 km2 (7 sq mi)
Elevation	453 m (1,486 ft)
Population (31 December 2014)
• Total	1,941
Demonym(s)	Nerolesi
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	00017
Dialing code	0774
Patron saint	St. George
Saint day	23 March

Nerola is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Rome, Latium, Italy.

The name Nerola is probably derived from the Sabine word nero or nerio, which meant "strong" and "brave". The inscription on the fountain in the piazza of the town hall A Nerone tuum Nerola nomen habet traces the origin of the name back to the Roman emperor Nero, who belonged to the gens Claudia, which had distant Sabine origins. In the site traces of a Roman era villa have been found, which legend attributes as belonging to Nero himself.

Within the comune is the frazione of Acquaviva, on the ancient Via Salaria. This may have been the seat of the bishopric called Aquaviva in Latin, whose bishops took part in synods held in Rome in the second half of the 5th century and the beginning of the 6th: Paulus or Paulinus in 465, Benignus in 487, 497, and 502, and Bonifacius in 503. No longer a residential bishopric, Aquaviva is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.

In the second half of the 10th century, the castle Castrum Nerulae was founded by the "Sabine chancellor" Benedetto Crescenzi, and the Crescenzi family held it until 1235, when it came under the direct control of the pope. At the end of the 12th century, the fiefdom was granted to the Orsini family, who built the present Castello Orsini. At the end of the 15th century, the castle was subsequently reinforced with strong towers and other defensive fortifications around the village. Near the castle, the chiesa vecchia (Old Church) was built in 1483.

In 1644, the castle and the territory of Nerola were yielded to the Barberini family along with the Montelibretti family and, in 1728, entered into possession of the Sciarra clan, and thence to the Lante della Rovere family, who founded the charitable institution of the Ospedale dei Pellegrini to assist travellers on the Via Salaria.