Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
| Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | |
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Portrait by Christoph Bernhard Francke
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| Spouse(s) | Elizabeth Juliana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Nordborg |
| Noble family | House of Guelph |
| Father | Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
| Mother | Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst |
| Born |
4 October 1633 Hitzacker |
| Died | 27 March 1714 (aged 80) Salzdahlum |
Anthony Ulrich (German: Anton Ulrich; 4 October 1633, Hitzacker – 27 March 1714, Salzdahlum) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled over the Wolfenbüttel subdivision of the duchy from 1685 until 1702 jointly with his brother, and solely from 1704 until his death.
Anthony Ulrich was the second son of Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg; he studied at the University of Helmstedt. After their father's death in 1666, Rudolph Augustus, Anthony Ulrich's elder brother, became reigning duke and made Anthony Ulrich his proxy. Rudolph Augustus had little interest in government affairs and left most decisions to his brother; in 1685, he made Anthony Ulrich a coregent with equal rights. Anthony Ulrich's sister was Sibylle Ursula von Braunschweig-Lüneburg.
After the Hanover subdivision of the duchy had received a new prince-electorship from the Emperor in 1692, tensions between the two states rose, as both Anthony Ulrich and Rudolph Augustus were dismayed that they had not received the electorship. While both Hanover and Lüneburg sided with Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Anthony Ulrich decided to enter into an agreement with France. This led to Hanover and Lüneburg invading the Principality of Wolfenbüttel in March 1702; Anthony Ulrich was almost captured while travelling from Wolfenbüttel to Braunschweig. By order of the Emperor, Anthony Ulrich was deposed as duke against his brother's protestations, and Rudolph Augustus remained as the only ruler, while Anthony Ulrich fled to Saxe-Gotha. In April 1702, Rudolph Augustus signed a treaty with Hanover and Lüneburg that Anthony Ulrich later agreed to.
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