Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)

Anglo-Spanish War
The Somerset House Conference between diplomats of England (right) and Spain (left) (painting)
Date 1585–1604 Location Atlantic Ocean, English Channel, Low Countries, Spain, Spanish Main, Portugal, Cornwall, Ireland, Americas, Azores and Canary islands Result Status quo ante bellum Treaty of London
Belligerents
Spanish Empire Portugal under Philip of Spain French Catholic League Irish alliance Order of Saint John	Kingdom of England  United Provinces Kingdom of France Portuguese loyal to Prior of Crato French Huguenot forces
Commanders and leaders
King Philip II King Philip III Marquis of Santa Cruz Duke of Parma Martín de Padilla Count of Fuentes Duke of Medina Sidonia Duke of Mayenne Duke of Braganza Aodh Mór Ó Néill	Elizabeth I James VI Francis Drake John Hawkins Earl of Leicester Earl of Nottingham Francis Vere Baron Mountjoy Maurice of Nassau Henry IV of France Prior of Crato

Spanish Empire

The Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and England that was never formally declared. The war was punctuated by widely separated battles, and began with England's military expedition in 1585 to the Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester in support of the resistance of the States General to Spanish Habsburg rule.

The English enjoyed some victories at Cádiz in 1587, and saw the Spanish Armada retreat in 1588, but then suffered severe defeats of the English Armada in 1589 and the Drake–Hawkins and Essex–Raleigh expeditions in 1595 and 1597 respectively. Two further Spanish armadas were sent in 1596 and 1597 but were frustrated in their objectives mainly because of adverse weather and poor planning.

The war became deadlocked around the turn of the 17th century during campaigns in Brittany and Ireland. It was brought to an end with the Treaty of London, negotiated in 1604 between representatives of the new King of Spain, Philip III, and the new King of England, James I. England and Spain agreed to cease their military interventions in the Spanish Netherlands and Ireland, respectively, and the English ended high seas privateering.

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Wikipedia