Ang was born on March 1, 1931 in Davao, Davao Province, Philippine Islands to Vicente Ang and Chin Lim who were immigrants from Xiamen, China. Ang Kiukok was the only son in his family and he had four sisters. Ang Kiukok was originally meant to be named Ang Hua Shing ("Hua Shing" literally means "Chinese-born") but did not push through with the plan upon learning that his cousin was given the name by Kiukok's uncle.

Ang was taught by a commercial artist at a young age on how to make charcoal portrait. His influence at the time was the artworks of Qi Baishi. After World War II, the family moved to Cotabato. Ang made movie billboards here and later his family moved to Manila, where he attended the University of Santo Tomas where one of his mentors was Vicente Manansala. He studied in the university from 1952 to 1954.

Ang's first formal recognition in his career as an artist was when his work Calesa garnered third place at the Shell National Students Art Competition in 1953. In 1954, he launched his first one-man show at the Contemporary Arts Gallery after he was urged by his mentor Manansala. Within a few years his works such as garnered him more recognition such as Still Life (1951, Honorable mention), The Bird (1959, First Prize), Still Life in Red (1963, Third Prize), Fish (1963, Second Prize), and Geometric Still-Life Fish (1963, Second Prize). All of these recognition was from the Art Association of the Philippines.

He first attained prominence in the Philippine arts scene in the 1960s with a distinct style that fused influences from cubism, surrealism and expressionism. Some classified his style as "figurative expressionism", others merely called it ugly. What could not be doubted was the violence in his imagery, a factor that slighted the commercial viability of his works until the 1980s. He favored such subjects as fighting cocks, rabid dogs, and people enraptured by rage or bound in chains. As someone who has a Catholic background, he painted multiple depictions of the crucified Christ that did not shirk from portraying the agonies normally associated with the crucifixion. When asked why he was so angry, he replied, "Why not? Open your eyes. Look around you. So much anger, sorrow, ugliness. And also madness." The intensity of his works stood in contrast to his own personality, described as "placid and affable".

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Wikipedia