Anderson Township is a township located in extreme southeastern Hamilton County along the Ohio and Little Miami Rivers, approximately 13 miles southeast of downtown Cincinnati. The township has been named one of the Cincinnati area's most desirable neighborhoods to live in. The 2010 census found 43,446 people in the township, making it one of the most populous townships in the state of Ohio.

Anderson Township's earliest settlement came in 1788, when pioneer Benjamin Stites settled near the mouth of the Little Miami River. The township was organized in 1793 as part of the Virginia Military District and was bounded by the Ohio and Little Miami Rivers, and the mouth of the Eight Mile Creek to the east. The township was important during its early days as the site of Flinn's Ford, the southernmost crossing of the Little Miami River. Anderson Township remained mainly undeveloped forest and agricultural land until post-World War II suburbanization brought new infrastructure to the community. The population grew by an average of 1,000 persons per year from the 1950s through the early 1990s bringing massive residential and commercial developments to the area. Anderson Township is named for Richard Clough Anderson, Virginia's chief surveyor when the township was created.

Located in the southeastern corner of the county along the Ohio River, Anderson Township has the following borders:

Anderson Township includes the following census-designated places:

The township is composed of 31.2 square miles (80.8 km²) of rolling hills with steep, wooded hillsides leading down to the Little Miami and Ohio rivers. As of 1990, 36% of Anderson Township had been developed into suburban communities for Cincinnati, 13% into farmland, and the remainder being left as woodland.

As of the census of 2010, there were 43,446 people in the township. The population density was 1,392.5 people per square mile. There were 16,684 housing units at an average density of 534.7/sq mile). The racial makeup of the township was 94.9% White, 1.1% African American, and 4.0% of all other races combined.

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