Andalusi nubah

Andalusī nūbah (نوبة أندلسيّة), also transliterated nūba, nūbā, or nouba (pl. nūbāt), or in its classical Arabic form, nawba, nawbah, or nōbah, is a musical genre found in the North African Maghrib states of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya but, as the name indicates, it has its origins in Arabo-Andalusian music. The name replaced the older use of sawt and originates from the musician waiting behind a curtain to be told it was his turn or nawbah by the sattar or curtain man (Touma 1996, p. 68).

The North African cities have inherited a particularly Andalusian musical style of Granada (Menocal, Scheindlin, and Sells 2000, pp. 72–73). The term gharnati (Granadan) refers in current Algeria, especially in the region of Tlemcen, the entire directory Andalusian scholar, but in Morocco it designates a distinct musical style named "Tarab Al Ala" originating in Cordoba and Valencia, as confirmed by the authors Rachid Aous and Mohammed Habib Samrakandi in the latter's book Musiques d'Algérie (Samrakandi 2002, pp. 15, 24).

According to tradition there were initially 24 nubat, one for each hour of the day. Each nuba must have a duration of 1 hour.

Lyrics are sung by a soloist or in unison by a chorus, and are chosen from the muwashshah or zajal poetic forms, which are in classical and colloquial Arabic, respectively (Touma 1996, pp. 70–71).

An andalusi nubah uses one tab' (similar to a maqam, or mode) per performance, and includes several instrumental pieces as well as predominantly vocal pieces accompanied by instrumentation. These differ as to mizan (pl. mawazin) or rhythmic pattern (wazn, pl. awzan) (Touma 1996, p. 68).

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