Ammonium formate

Ammonium formate

Names
IUPAC name Ammonium formate
Identifiers
CAS Number	540-69-2 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChemSpider	10442 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.959
PubChem	2723923
RTECS number	BQ6650000
InChI InChI=1S/CH2O2.H3N/c2-1-3;/h1H,(H,2,3);1H3 Y Key: VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/CH2O2.H3N/c2-1-3;/h1H,(H,2,3);1H3 Key: VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYAT
SMILES O=CO.N C(=O)O.N
Properties
Chemical formula	CH5NO2
Molar mass	63.06 g·mol−1
Appearance	White monoclinic crystals, deliquescent
Odor	Slightly ammoniac
Density	1.26 g/cm3
Melting point	116 °C (241 °F; 389 K)
Boiling point	180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) decomposes
Solubility in water	(grams per 100g of water)102g(0 °C) 142.7 g (20 °C) 202.4 g (40 °C) 516 g (80 °C)
Solubility in other solvents	Soluble in liquid ammonia, alcohol, diethyl ether
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	−556.18 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet	JT Baker MSDS
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Warning
GHS hazard statements	H315, H319, H335
GHS precautionary statements	P261, P305+351+338
EU classification (DSD)	Xi
R-phrases	R36/37/38
S-phrases	S26, S36
NFPA 704	1 2 1
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	410 mg/kg (mice, intravenous)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Ammonium formate, NH₄HCO₂, is the ammonium salt of formic acid. It is a colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline solid.

Acetone can be transformed into isopropylamine as follows:

Pure ammonium formate decomposes into formamide and water when heated, and this is its primary use in industry. Formic acid can also be obtained by reacting ammonium formate with a dilute acid, and since ammonium formate is also produced from formic acid, it can serve as a way of storing formic acid.

Ammonium formate can also be used in palladium on carbon (Pd/C) reduction of functional groups. In the presence of Pd/C, ammonium formate decomposes to hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. This hydrogen gas is adsorbed onto the surface of the palladium metal, where it can react with various functional groups. For example, alkenes can be reduced to alkanes, or formaldehyde to methanol. Activated single bonds to heteroatoms can also be replaced by hydrogens (hydrogenolysis).

Ammonium formate can be used for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones (Leuckart reaction), by the following reaction:

Ammonium formate can be used as a buffer in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is suitable for use with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The pK_a values of formic acid and the ammonium ion are 3.8 and 9.2, respectively.