Ali علي ابن أبي طالب Ali ibn Abi Talib |
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Amīr al-Mu’minīn (Arabic: أَمـيـر الـمُـؤمـنـيـن, "Commander of the Faithful Ones")' | |||||
4th Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (Sunni View) |
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Reign | 656–661 | ||||
Predecessor | Uthman ibn Affan | ||||
Successor | Hasan ibn Ali | ||||
1st Imam of Shia Islam (Twelver, Zaydi, and Nizari Ismaili view) |
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Reign | 632–661 | ||||
Successor | Hasan ibn Ali | ||||
Asas/Wasih of Shia Islam (Musta'li Ismaili view) |
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Successor | Hasan ibn Ali (2nd Imam) | ||||
Born | 13 Rajab 21 BH in the ancient (intercalated) Arabic calendar (15 September AD 601) Ka'bah, Mecca, Hijaz, Arabian Peninsula |
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Died | 21 Ramadan AH 40 (29 January 661) (aged 59) Kufa, Iraq |
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Burial | Imam Ali Mosque, Najaf, Iraq | ||||
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Tribe | Quraysh (Banu Hashim) | ||||
Father | Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib | ||||
Mother | Fatimah bint Asad | ||||
Religion | Islam |
Full name | |
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‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib Arabic: علي ابن أبي طالب |
ʿAlī bin Abī Ṭālib |
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Sunnism: Rightly-Guided Caliph Shiism: First Imam All Islam: Ahl al-Bayt, Ṣaḥābī, Martyr; Commander of the Faithful, One Promised Paradise, The Door to the City of Knowledge, One whom God Favored, The Great News, Leader of the God-conscious, Lion of God, Brave-heart, Leader of the Knights of God, Father of the Dust, King of the Saints, Leader of the Saints |
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Venerated in | All Islam (Salafis honor rather than venerate him). |
Major shrine | Imam Ali Mosque, Najaf, Iraq |
‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib
Ali (/ˈɑːli, ɑːˈliː/;Arabic: علي, translit. ʿAlī, Arabic pronunciation: [ʕaliː]; 13 Rajab, 21 BH – 21 Ramadan, AH 40 (15 September 601 – 29 January 661) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. He ruled as the fourth caliph from 656 to 661, and was first Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661.
Born to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad, Ali was the only child believed to have been born in the sacred sanctuary of the Ka‘bah (Arabic: كَـعـبَـة) in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, according to many classical Islamic sources, especially Shia ones. Ali was the first young male who accepted Islam, and according to some authors the first Muslim. After migrating to Medina, he married Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. Ali took part in the early caravan raids from Mecca and later in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community. He was appointed caliph by Muhammad's Companions (Sahaba) in 656, after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated. Ali's reign saw civil wars and in 661, he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, dying two days later.