Alfonsine Tables

The Alfonsine tables (Spanish: Tablas alfonsíes, Latin: tabulae alphonsinae) (sometimes spelled Alphonsine tables) provided data for computing the position of the Sun, Moon and planets relative to the fixed stars.

The tables were named after Alfonso X of Castile, who sponsored their creation, they were compiled in Toledo, Spain. They contain astronomical data starting on January 1, 1252, the date of the coronation of the King.

Alfonso X assembled a team of scholars, known as the Toledo School of Translators, who among other translating tasks, were commanded to produce new tables that updated the Tables of Toledo. The new tables were based on earlier astronomical works and observations by Islamic astronomers, adding observations by astronomers Alfonso had gathered in Toledo, among them several Jewish scholars, like Yehuda ben Moshe and Isaac ibn Sid. He also brought Aben Raghel y Alquibicio and Aben Musio y Mohamat, from Seville, Joseph Aben Alí and Jacobo Abenvena, from Córdoba, and fifty more from Gascony and Paris.

The instructions for the Alfonsine tables were originally written in Castilian Spanish. The first printed edition of the Alfonsine tables appeared in 1483, and a second edition in 1492.

Georg Purbach used the Alfonsine tables for his book, Theoricae novae planetarum (New Theory of the Planets). Nicolaus Copernicus used the second edition in his work. One use of these and similar astronomical tables was to calculate ephemerides, which were in turn used by astrologers to cast horoscopes.

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