Alexandru Averescu
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Marshal Alexandru Averescu |
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|---|---|
General Alexandru Averescu, photographed ca. 1916
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| Prime Minister of Romania | |
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In office January 29, 1918 – March 4, 1918 March 13, 1920 – December 16, 1921 March 30, 1926 – June 4, 1927 |
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| Monarch | Ferdinand |
| Preceded by |
Ion I. C. Brătianu Alexandru Vaida-Voevod Ion I. C. Brătianu |
| Succeeded by |
Alexandru Marghiloman Take Ionescu Barbu Știrbey |
| Foreign Affairs Minister of Romania | |
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In office January 29, 1918 – March 4, 1918 |
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| Preceded by | Ion I. C. Brătianu |
| Succeeded by | Constantin C. Arion |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
April 3, 1859 or March 22 [O.S. March 9] 1859 Ozerne, Ukraine (Bessarabia) |
| Died | October 2, 1938 (aged 79) Bucharest, Romania |
| Political party | People's Party |
| Spouse(s) | Clotilda Averescu |
| Profession | soldier |
| Religion | Romanian Orthodox |
| Military service | |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Commands | First Infantry Division, Second Army Corps, Third Army |
| Battles/wars |
War of Independence Second Balkan War World War I: Battle of Turtucaia, Flămânda Offensive, Battle of Mărăști, Battle of Mărășești |
Alexandru Averescu (Romanian pronunciation: [alekˈsandru aveˈresku]; 1859–1938) was a Romanian marshal and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets (as well as being interim Foreign Minister in January–March 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1938). He first rose to prominence during the peasants' revolt of 1907, which he helped repress in violence. Credited with engineering the defense of Moldavia in the 1916–1917 Campaign, he built on his popularity to found and lead the successful People's Party, which he brought to power in 1920–1921, with backing from King Ferdinand I and the National Liberal Party (PNL), and with the notable participation of Constantin Argetoianu and Take Ionescu.
His controversial first mandate, marked by a political crisis and oscillating support from the PNL's leader Ion I. C. Brătianu, played a part in legislating land reform and repressed communist activities, before being brought down by the rally of opposition forces. His second term of 1926–1927 brought a much-debated treaty with Fascist Italy, and fell after Averescu gave clandestine backing to the ousted Prince Carol. Faced with the People Party's decline, Averescu closed deals with various right-wing forces and was instrumental in bringing Carol back to the throne in 1930. Relations between the two soured over the following years, and Averescu clashed with his fellow party member Octavian Goga over the king's attitudes. Shortly before his death, he and Carol reconciled, and Averescu joined the Crown Council.
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