Al-Muwaffaq

Abu Ahmad Talha ibn Ja'far al-Muwaffaq bi-Allah
Regent (de facto) of the Abbasid Caliphate
Reign	June 870 – 2 June 891
Successor	al-Mu'tadid
Caliph	al-Mu'tamid
Born	842
Died	2 June 891
Father	al-Mutawakkil
Mother	Umm Ishaq
Religion	Sunni Islam

Abu Ahmad Talha ibn Ja'far (Arabic: أبو أحمد طلحة بن جعفر‎‎) (842 – June 2, 891), better known by his laqab as al-Muwaffaq bi-Allah (Arabic: الموفق بالله‎‎, "Blessed of God"), was an Abbasid prince and military leader, who acted as the virtual regent of the Abbasid Caliphate for most of the reign of his brother, Caliph al-Mu'tamid. His stabilization of the internal political scene after the decade-long "Anarchy at Samarra", his successful defence of Iraq against the Saffarids and the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion restored a measure of the Caliphate's former power and began a period of recovery, which culminated in the reign of al-Muwaffaq's own son, the Caliph al-Mu'tadid.

Talha, commonly known by the teknonym Abu Ahmad, was the son of the Caliph Ja'far al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861) and a slave concubine, Umm Ishaq. In 861, he was present in his father's murder at Samarra by the Turkish military slaves (ghilman): the historian al-Tabari reports that he had been drinking with his father that night, and came upon the assassins while going to the toilet, but after a brief attempt to protect the caliph, he retired to his own rooms when he realized that his efforts were futile. The murder was almost certainly instigated by al-Mutawakkil's son and heir, al-Muntasir, who immediately ascended the throne; nevertheless Abu Ahmad's own role in the affair is suspect as well, given his close ties later on with the Turkish military leaders. According to Hugh N. Kennedy, "it is possible, therefore, that Abu Ahmad had already had close links with the young Turks before the murder, or that they were forged on that night". This murder opened a period of internal upheaval known as the "Anarchy at Samarra", where the Turkish military chiefs vied with other powerful groups and with each other over control of the government and its financial resources.

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