Agham Kot

Agham Kot (Urdu: اگهم کوٹ ‎) or is located in Hyderabad District, Sindh, Pakistan.

It is also known as Agham. The Lohánas. Agham, or Agham-kot, lies about thirty miles south-east from Hyderabad, and though now almost forgotten, it was formerly a place of some consequence. Its position is not very easily identified, and the name is rarely introduced into the maps. In Lt. Burton’s it seems to be entered under the name of "Angoomanoo," and in the Quartermaster-General’s map of 1850, under that of "Aghamama."The Beg-Lar Náma says it is on the Rain. The Tuhfatu-l Kirám mentions it among the towns on the Sánkra. Capt. McMurdo says it is on the Lohána Daryá; but he strangely fixes its site at Kalákot, seven miles to the west of Thatta.

It is also called Agham Lohana. In the Chach-nama, we find frequent mention of a chief under that name, who was governor of Brahmanabad in the time of Chach. Lohana is the designation of a powerful tribe, which at that period, under an apparent confusion of terms, is said to have included both the Samma and Lakha clans. It can merely mean that they were then in a position of comparative subordination. Under all the vicissitudes the Lohanas have under- gone, they still retain their credit, as well as their religion, and constitute the most influential tribe in Sind, whether regarded as merchants or officials. But, not confined within that narrow province, they have spread their ramifications beyond the western borders of India, and are found dispersed throughout Afghanistan, Buluchistan, and Arabia, exposed to inconveniences, insults, and dangers of no ordinary kind, in pursuit of their darling object of wealth, and final return to their native soil to enjoy the fruits of their industry.
As the town of Agham is mentioned as early as the time of Muhammad Bin Qasim, we may presume that it derived its name from the Lohana chieftain above-mentioned, who was the contemporary and opponent of Ohach.

The Tdrikh-i TdUri (p. 51) refers this chronogram to the period when Shah Husain plundered Thatta, on the ground of extravagant joy having been evinced by its inhabitants upon the death of his father, Shah Beg; but this is evidently a mistake, and is adopted merely to accommodate his false chronology.
It is being considered that the famous ruler of Iran Nadir Shah or some say it Madad Shah raided the great state of Agham Kot and then they came to end. But in Chach-nama it is clearly written that Maharaja Chach raided Agham Kot and married widow of Maharaja Agham Luhana and aghamano near gulab laghari district badin.also wataya faqir and his mother live in agham kot or madad ali pathan ne ag di thi.

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