Adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate

Names
IUPAC name [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(fhrn6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphono hydrogen phosphate
Other names adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number	58-64-0 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:16761 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL14830 Y
ChemSpider	5800 Y
DrugBank	DB03431 N
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.356
EC Number	218-249-0
IUPHAR/BPS	1712
KEGG	C00008 N
PubChem	6022
RTECS number	AU7467000
InChI InChI=1S/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 Y Key: XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N Y InChI=1/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1 Key: XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUBP
SMILES O=P(O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]3O[C@@H](n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H]3O c1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)N
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H15N5O10P2
Molar mass	427.201 g/mol
Appearance	white powder
Density	2.49 g/mL
Boiling point	877.7 °C (1,611.9 °F; 1,150.8 K)
log P	-2.640
Hazards
Safety data sheet	MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Adenosine pyrophosphate (APP) (Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)) is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. A molecule of APP/ADP consists of three important structural components: a sugar backbone attached to a molecule of adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose. The carbon molecules that make up the ring structure of a sugar can be named in a way that more specifically designates the location of the phosphate and adenosine attachments: The sugar backbone of APP is known as a pentose sugar and consists of five carbon molecules. The two phosphate groups of APP are added in series to the 5’ carbon of the sugar backbone, while the adenosine molecule attaches to the 1’ carbon.

The two phosphates in APP can be correlated with ATP and AMP. ATP consists of three phosphate groups attached in series to the 5’ carbon location, whereas APP contains two phosphate groups attached to the 5’ position, and AMP contains only one phosphate group attached at the 5’ position. Energy transfer used by all living things is a result of dephosphorylation of ATP by enzymes known as ATPases. The cleavage of a phosphate group from ATP results in the coupling of energy to metabolic reactions and a by-product, a molecule of APP. Being the "molecular unit of currency", ATP is continually being formed from lower-energy molecules of APP and AMP. The biosynthesis of ATP is achieved throughout processes such as substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, and photophosphorylation, all of which facilitating the addition of a phosphate group to an APP molecule.