Adam Johann Krusenstern
| Adam Johann von Krusenstern | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Native name | Ива́н Фёдорович Крузенште́рн |
| Born |
10 October 1770 Hagudi, Harrien, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire |
| Died | 12 August 1846 (aged 75) |
| Allegiance | Russian |
| Service/branch | Navy |
| Rank | Admiral |
| Commands held | Nadezhda |
| Awards | Pour le Mérite (civil class) |
Baron Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern (Russian: Ива́н Фёдорович Крузенште́рн; 10 October 1770 – 12 August 1846), born as Adam Johann Ritter von Krusenstern, was a Russian admiral and explorer of Baltic German descent, who led the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe.
Krusenstern was born in Hagudi, Harrien, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire into a Baltic German family descended from the Swedish aristocratic family von Krusenstjerna, who remained in the province after the country was ceded to Russia. In 1787, he joined the Russian Imperial Navy, and served in the war against Sweden. Subsequently, he served in the Royal Navy in 1793–1799, visiting America, India and China.
After publishing a paper pointing out the advantages of direct communication by sea between Russia and China by passing Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America and the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of South Africa, he was appointed by Tsar Alexander I to make a voyage to the Far East coast of Asia to endeavour to carry out the project. Under the patronage of Tsar Alexander I, Count Nikolay Petrovich Rumyantsev and the Russian-American Company, Krusenstern led the first Russian circumnavigation of the world. The chief object of this undertaking was the development of the fur trade with Russian America (Alaska). Other goals of the two-ship expedition were to establish trade with China and Japan, facilitate trade in South America, and examine the coast of California in western North America for a possible colony.
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