Abbé Faria
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Abbé (Abbot) José Custódio de Faria |
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|---|---|
| Native name | Abade José Custódio de Faria |
| Born |
31 May 1756 Candolim, Bardez, Goa |
| Died | 20 September 1819 (aged 63) Montmartre, France |
| Monuments | Statue in Panjim, Goa |
| Occupation | Catholic monk |
| Known for | Scientific study of hypnotism |
| Notable work | "Da Causa do Sono Lúcido no Estudo da Natureza do Homem" ("On the cause of Lucid Sleep in the Study of the Nature of Man") |
| Parent(s) | Rosa Maria de Sousa (mother) Caetano Vitorino de Faria (father) |
Abbé Faria (Portuguese: Abade Faria), or Abbé (Abbot) José Custódio de Faria, (31 May 1756 – 20 September 1819), was a Luso-Goan Catholic monk who was one of the pioneers of the scientific study of hypnotism, following on from the work of Franz Mesmer. Unlike Mesmer, who claimed that hypnosis was mediated by "animal magnetism", Faria understood that it worked purely by the power of suggestion. In the early 19th century, Abbé Faria introduced oriental hypnosis to Paris.
He was one of the first to depart from the theory of the "magnetic fluid," to place in relief the importance of suggestion, and to demonstrate the existence of "autosuggestion"; he also established that what he termed nervous sleep belongs to the natural order. From his earliest magnetizing séances, in 1814, he boldly developed his doctrine. Nothing comes from the magnetizer; everything comes from the subject and takes place in his imagination generated from within the mind. Magnetism is only a form of sleep. Although of the moral order, the magnetic action is often aided by physical, or rather by physiological, means–fixedness of look and cerebral fatigue.
Faria changed the terminology of mesmerism. Previously, the focus was on the "concentration" of the subject. In Faria's terminology the operator became "the concentrator" and somnambulism was viewed as a lucid sleep. The method of hypnosis used by Faria is command, following expectancy. The theory of Abbé Faria is now known as Fariism
Later, Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault (1864–1904), the founder of the Nancy School, and Emile Coué (1857–1926) father of applied conditioning, developed the theory of suggestion and autosuggestion and began using them as therapeutic tools. Johannes Schultz developed these theories as Autogenic training.
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