The 2015–16 Indian Federation Cup, also known as 2015–16 Hero Federation Cup due to sponsorship reasons was the 37th edition of the Federation Cup, the main national football cup competition in India. The tournament was held from 30 April 2016 to 21 May 2016. Top 8 teams from 2015–16 I-League participated in the tournament. Ten Sports Network, the Official Broadcaster of Hero Federation Cup 2016 will telecast only the Semi-finals and the Final match while Knockout stage matches will be streamed live on I-league website.

Bengaluru FC were the reigning champions of the Federation Cup, having won the tournament in 2015. However, they were upset in the quarter-finals by 8th placed Aizawl.

All matches except the final were played as two-legged tie on home and away basis, with the application of the away goals rule. The final was played as a single match at the Indira Gandhi Stadium in Guwahati.

The final was played between Mohun Bagan and Aizawl on 21 May 2016. Mohun Bagan defeated Aizawl 5–0 to clinch their record 14th title, making them the most successful club in the history of the competition.

In 2015, All India Football Federation decided to scrap Federation Cup due to congested calendar with I-League and Indian Super League occupying a large part of the calendar, but after Asian Football Confederation mandated that a club must play 18 matches in the season, AIFF decided to revive the tournament.

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