1891 Atlantic hurricane season
| 1891 Atlantic hurricane season |
Season summary map
|
| Seasonal boundaries |
| First system formed |
July 3, 1891 |
| Last system dissipated |
November 6, 1891 |
| Strongest storm |
|
| Name |
"Martinique" |
| • Maximum winds |
125 mph (205 km/h) |
| • Lowest pressure |
961 mbar (hPa; 28.38 inHg) |
| Seasonal statistics |
| Total storms |
10 |
| Hurricanes |
7 |
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+) |
1 |
| Total fatalities |
700+ |
| Total damage |
Unknown |
|
|
Atlantic hurricane seasons
1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893
|
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
July 3 – July 8 |
| Peak intensity |
90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min) 977 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 17 – August 29 |
| Peak intensity |
75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min) ≤ 997 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
August 18 – August 25 |
| Peak intensity |
125 mph (205 km/h) (1-min) 961 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 2 – September 8 |
| Peak intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 16 – September 26 |
| Peak intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) ≤980 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
September 29 – October 5 |
| Peak intensity |
100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) ≤981 mbar (hPa) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 4 – October 8 |
| Peak intensity |
50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 1004 mbar (hPa) |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 7 – October 9 |
| Peak intensity |
45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min) ≤1004 mbar (hPa) |
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) |
|
|
| Duration |
October 12 – October 20 |
| Peak intensity |
85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) ≤992 mbar (hPa) |
The 1891 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the early winter of 1891. The season had ten tropical cyclones, seven of which became hurricanes including one which became a major Category 3 hurricane. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only cyclones that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea are currently known, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to four tropical cyclones per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated. The tracks of four of the ten known 1891 Atlantic cyclones were revised in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas. Following re-analysis in 2003, two storms previously considered distinct are now regarded as a single system, Tropical Storm 8. A number of other storms from 1891 were considered for inclusion in the Atlantic hurrice database, HURDAT, but are currently excluded due to a lack of evidence of tropical storm intensity.
A tropical storm formed in Gulf of Mexico northwest of Campeche on July 3. By the evening of July 6 it was approaching the coastline of Texas and had become a Category 1 hurricane. It made landfall just west of Galveston and quickly weakened to a tropical storm. It dissipated near the Alabama-Tennessee state line two days later after further weakening to a tropical depression. Sections of Galveston were flooded by a storm surge. At Baton Rouge, tornados related to the hurricane demolished a hundred homes and caused two floors of the state penitentiary to collapse killing ten prisoners.
A tropical storm formed south of the Cape Verde Islands on August 17 and travelled on a northwesterly path before dissipating in the Atlantic Ocean on August 29 without making a landfall. For the majority of this period it is believed to have been a minimal Category 1 hurricane based on readings taken at Bermuda, which it passed on August 27, the capsizing of a steamer, the Dunsmurry on August 29 and observations from another ship, La Touraine, which ran into the rough seas left in the hurricane's wake on August 30 and 31st.
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