1828 Treaty of Montevideo
| Type | bilateral treaty |
|---|---|
| Signed | 27 August 1828 |
| Location | Montevideo |
| Original signatories |
Argentina Brazil |
| Ratifiers | Argentina Brazil |
In the Treaty of Montevideo, signed on 27 August 1828, after British mediation, Brazil and Argentina recognized the independence of Uruguay.
Called the Preliminary Peace Convention as a result of the meetings held by representatives from the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces of Río de la Plata — the predecessor state for Argentina — between 11 and 27 August 1828 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This convention, or treaty, accorded independence to Uruguay in respect to Brazil and Argentina. Uruguay's independence would be definitively sealed on 4 October of the same year when, in Montevideo, the signing nations ratified the treaty.
By 1828 the Cisplatine War had been fought to a stalemate with Argentina’s fleet destroyed, its land forces unable to capture any major cities, and Brazil suffering a temporary lack of manpower for a full-scale land offensive against Argentine forces. The severe economic consequences imposed by the Brazilian blockade of Buenos Aires allied with increasing public pressure in Brazil to end the war and motivated interest for a peaceful solution.
In this context, on 20 February, 1828 Brazil and Argentina decided to begin peace talks with mediation by Great Britain, who also had an interest in a peaceful resolution of the war due to the severe trade impediments the blockade of Buenos Aires had brought to the Plata region.
Lord John Ponsonby was chosen as mediator for the talks and was immediately faced with Argentina’s unwillingness to allow Brazil to retain its sovereignty over Uruguay and by Brazil’s demands to keep its sovereignty over the Missões Orientales, to free navigation in the Plata River and refusal to allow Argentina to annex any area of the Cisplatine Province.
With these considerations in mind, Posonby made a proposal for an independent Uruguay to placate both Brazil and Argentina in order to reestablish peace on La Plata, and conceded to the Brazilian demands regarding its sovereignty over the Missões Orientales and the right to freely navigate in the Plata River.
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