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Torun

Toruń
Top: Town hall on Stary RynekMiddle: Dąmbski family Palace, Bridge Gate, Nicolaus Copernicus MonumentBottom: Toruń's medieval Old Town panorama
Top: Town hall on Stary Rynek
Middle: Dąmbski family Palace, Bridge Gate, Nicolaus Copernicus Monument
Bottom: Toruń's medieval Old Town panorama
Flag of Toruń
Flag
Coat of arms of Toruń
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): , Gingerbread city, Copernicus Town
Motto: "Durabo" (Latin: "I will endure")
Toruń is located in Poland
Toruń
Toruń
Coordinates: 53°2′N 18°37′E / 53.033°N 18.617°E / 53.033; 18.617
Country Poland
Voivodeship Kuyavian-Pomeranian
County city county
Established 13th century
City rights 1233
Government
 • Mayor Michał Zaleski
Area
 • City 115.75 km2 (44.69 sq mi)
Elevation 65 m (213 ft)
Population (2014)
 • City 203,148
 • Density 1,800/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
 • Metro 297,646
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 87-100 to 87-120
Area code(s) +48 56
Car plates CT
Website http://www.torun.pl/
Official name Medieval Town of Toruń
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iv
Designated 1997 (21st session)
Reference no. [1]
UNESCO region Europe
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Medieval Town of Toruń
Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List
Torun5DSC 0113.JPG
Location Poland
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iv
Reference 835
UNESCO region Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription 1997 (21st Session)

Toruń [ˈtɔruɲ] (German: Thorn) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. Its population was 202,591 as of June 2016. Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. In 1997 the medieval part of the city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2007 the Old Town in Toruń was added to the list of Seven Wonders of Poland. Previously it was the capital of the Toruń Voivodeship (1975–98) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1921–45). Since 1999, Toruń has been a seat of the self-government of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and, as such, is one of its two capitals (together with Bydgoszcz). The cities and neighboring counties form the Bydgoszcz-Toruń twin city metropolitan area.

The first settlement in the vicinity of Toruń is dated by archaeologists to 1100 BC (Lusatian culture). During early medieval times, in the 7th through 13th centuries, it was the location of an old Slavonic settlement, at a ford in the Vistula river.

In spring 1231 the Teutonic Knights crossed the river Vistula at the height of Nessau and established a fortress. On 28 December 1233, the Teutonic Knights Hermann von Salza and Hermann Balk, signed the foundation charters for Thorn and Kulm. The original document was lost in 1244. The set of rights in general is known as Kulm law. In 1236, due to frequent flooding, it was relocated to the present site of the Old Town. In 1263 Franciscan monks settled in the city, followed in 1239 by Dominicans. In 1264 the adjacent New Town was founded predominantly to house Torun's growing population of craftsmen and artisans. In 1280, the city (or as it was then, both cities) joined the mercantile Hanseatic League, and thus became an important medieval trade centre.


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