Iquique

Iquique
City and Commune
Top:View of downtown Iquique, 2nd left:Baquedano Square, 2nd right:Iquique Municipal Theater, Bottom:Cavancha Beach
Flag Coat of arms Map of Iquique in Tarapacá Region Iquique Location in Chile
Coordinates: 20°13′S 70°9′W / 20.217°S 70.150°W / -20.217; -70.150Coordinates: 20°13′S 70°9′W / 20.217°S 70.150°W / -20.217; -70.150
Country	Chile
Region	Tarapacá
Province	Iquique
Founded	16th Century
Government
• Type	Municipal council
• Alcalde	Jorge Soria Quiroga
Area
• City and Commune	2,242.1 km2 (865.7 sq mi)
Elevation	1 m (3 ft)
Population (2012 Census)
• City and Commune	180,601
• Density	81/km2 (210/sq mi)
• Urban	183,997
Time zone	CLT (UTC−4)
• Summer (DST)	CLST (UTC−3)
Postal code	1100000
Climate	BWh
Website	Official website (Spanish)

Iquique (Spanish pronunciation: [iˈkike], ee-KEE-kay) is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal which is part of Atacama Desert. It had a population of 180,601 according to the 2012 census. It is also the main commune of the Greater Iquique. The city developed during the heyday of the saltpetre mining in Atacama Desert in the 19th century. Originally a Peruvian city with a large Chilean population it was ceded to Chile as result of War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Today it is one of only two free ports of Chile.

Although the city was founded in the 16th century, there is evidence of habitation in the area by the Chango people as early as 7,000 BC. During colonial times, Iquique was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru as much of South America was at the time, and remained part of Peruvian territory until the end of the 19th century. Iquique's early development was due in large part to the discovery of mineral riches, particularly the presence of large deposits of sodium nitrate in the Atacama Desert (then part of Peruvian territory).