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George III of the United Kingdom

George III
Full-length portrait in oils of a clean-shaven young George in eighteenth century dress: gold jacket and breeches, ermine cloak, powdered wig, white stockings, and buckled shoes.
Coronation portrait by Allan Ramsay, 1762
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Reign 25 October 1760 –
29 January 1820
Coronation 22 September 1761
Predecessor George II
Successor George IV
Regent George, Prince Regent (1811–20)
Prime Ministers
Born 4 June 1738 [N.S.]
Norfolk House, St. James's Square, London
Died 29 January 1820(1820-01-29) (aged 81)
Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire
Burial 16 February 1820
St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
Spouse Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (m. 1761; d. 1818)
Issue
Detail
Full name
George William Frederick
House Hanover
Father Frederick, Prince of Wales
Mother Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
Signature Handwritten "George" with a huge leading "G" and a curious curlicue at the end
Full name
George William Frederick

George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. He was concurrently Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg ("Hanover") in the Holy Roman Empire until his promotion to King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover, but unlike his two predecessors he was born in Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover.

His life and with it his reign, which were longer than any other British monarch before him, were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. However, many of Britain's American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence. Further wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France from 1793 concluded in the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

In the later part of his life, George III had recurrent, and eventually permanent, mental illness. Although it has since been suggested that he had the blood disease porphyria, the cause of his illness remains unknown. After a final relapse in 1810, a regency was established, and George III's eldest son, George, Prince of Wales, ruled as Prince Regent. On George III's death, the Prince Regent succeeded his father as George IV.


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