Bodybuilding supplements

Question

This piglix contains articles or sub-piglix about Bodybuilding supplements

Answer 1

Sports nutrition and bodybuilding supplement companies

This piglix contains articles or sub-piglix about Sports nutrition and bodybuilding supplement companies

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Wikipedia

Answer 2

Bodybuilding supplement

Bodybuilding supplements are dietary supplements specifically marketed to those involved in bodybuilding, weightlifting and athletics. Among the most widely used are vitamins, protein, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), glutamine, essential fatty acids, meal replacement products, creatine, weight loss products and testosterone boosters. Supplements are sold either as single ingredient preparations or in the form of "stacks" - proprietary blends of various supplements marketed as offering "synergistic advantages". While many bodybuilding supplements are also consumed by the general public, their salience and frequency of use may differ when used specifically by bodybuilders. They may be marketed as a product to replace meals, enhance weight gain, promote weight loss or improve athletic performance. Annual sales of sport nutrition products in the US is over $2.7 billion (US) according to Consumer Reports.

Athletes in ancient Greece were advised to consume large quantities of meat and wine. A number of herbal concoctions and tonics have been used by strong men and athletes since ancient times across cultures to try to increase their strength and stamina. In the 1910s, Eugen Sandow, widely considered to be the first modern bodybuilder in the West, advocated the use of dietary control to enhance muscle growth. Later, bodybuilder Earle Liederman advocated the use of "beef juice" or "beef extract" (basically, consomme) as a way to enhance muscle recovery. In 1950s with recreational and competitive bodybuilding becoming increasingly popular Irvin P. Johnson began to popularize and market egg-based protein powders marketed specifically at bodybuilders and physical athletes. The 1970s and 1980s marked a dramatic increase in the growth of the bodybuilding supplement industry, fueled by widespread use of modern marketing techniques and a marked increase in recreational bodybuilding.

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Answer 3

1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione

1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione

1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) is a potent irreversible aromatase inhibitor that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by permanently binding and inactivating aromatase in adipose and peripheral tissue. It is used to control estrogen synthesis.

ATD is present in some over-the-counter bodybuilding supplements as well as Topical ATD solutions that work transdermally. While not banned, ATD may cause positive urinalysis results leading to disqualification from competitive sports. ATD has many names in sports supplements including: 1,4,6 etiollochan-dione, 3, 17-keto-etiochol-triene, androst-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione and many others. These all refer to CAS# 633-35-2.

ATD may cause a positive test for the anabolic steroid boldenone, of which it is a metabolite and is also prohibited in amateur and professional sports which forbids aromatase inhibitors.

A related agent is exemestane (Aromasin).

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Answer 4

4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione

4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione

4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione (4-AT; also marketed as 6-OXO or 4-etioallocholen-3,6,17-trione) is a drug or nutritional supplement that may increase the testosterone-estrogen ratio, but has no proven effect on body composition. Its use can be detected in urine.

4-AT is a potent irreversible aromatase inhibitor that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by permanently binding and inactivating aromatase in adipose and peripheral tissue.Aromatase is responsible for the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Blocking aromatase causes the body to decrease in levels of estradiol, which then results in increase of LH and consequently, testosterone. Since testosterone has myotropic activity and estradiol does not, elevated testosterone levels increase muscle mass. However, there appear to be no human or animal studies testing the hypothesis that 4-AT will produce an anabolic effect.

4-AT is also used by steroid or prohormone users to counteract estrogen level increases caused by aromatization during their steroid cycle. This helps minimize side effects such as gynecomastia but can lead to acne. Also, after a steroid cycle, the compound may be used to shorten the recovery from the testicular suppression that can be the result of the use of steroids.

Baylor University conducted an eight-week study to determine the effects of 300 mg or 600 mg of 4-AT in resistance-trained males. Compared to baseline, free testosterone increased by 90% for 300 mg group and 84% for 600 mg group, respectively. Also dihydrotestosterone and the ratio of free testosterone to estradiol increased significantly. The report concluded that "[t]he results of this study indicate that eight weeks of 6-OXO supplementation had no effect on body composition or clinical safety markers, but incompletely inhibited aromatase activity and significantly increased endogenous DHT levels that were attenuated after a three-week washout period". This study did not utilize a control group and was funded in part by two producers of commercial 4-AT.

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Answer 5

Arginine alphaketoglutarate

Arginine alpha-ketoglutarate (AAKG) is a salt of the amino acid arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. It is marketed as a bodybuilding supplement. The components are intermediates in the metabolism of nitric oxides, but no reputable scientific evidence shows any benefits from taking AAKG as a dietary supplement.

As of 2008, "there [was] no research published in peer-reviewed journals to support the assertion that an increase in nitric oxide levels promotes greater muscle protein synthesis or improves muscle strength. There is also no evidence that the arginine alpha-ketoglutarate in nitric oxide supplements have any effect on nitric oxide levels in muscles."

A recent study examined the effects of AAKG supplementation on heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow, NO_x/NO₂ levels, and L-arginine levels. Minimal observed changes were attributed to resistance exercise used in the experimental design, not to AAKG supplementation, although arginine levels were found to have been elevated.

Another recent study found acute AAKG supplementation made no difference in endurance or blood pressure during the course of exercise. In fact, participants that took AAKG prior to exercise had compromised endurance and strength. "Because AAKG supplementation may hinder muscular endurance, the use of these supplements before resistance training should be questioned."

A study has found improvements in 1RM bench press and Wingate test from AAKG-use.

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Answer 6

Brassaiopsis glomerulata

Brassaiopsis glomerulata is a species of shrub in the family Araliaceae. Extracts are sold as bodybuilding supplements based on the assumption that aromatase inhibitors present in the plant might have effects in humans.

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Answer 7

Brassaiopsis hainla

Brassaiopsis hainla

Brassaiopsis hainla is a species of shrub in the family Araliaceae.It is used as fodder by the farmers in Nepal.

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Answer 8

Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate

Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate (C₅H₄CaO₅•H₂O) is a special form mineral calcium that can be used to restore calcium concentration level in the blood back to normal. Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate binds excess phosphate and pass it as a waste, re-establishing normal balance of calcium and phosphate in the body.

While phosphate and calcium concentration levels are normally kept in balance in healthy bodies, patients with Hyperparathyroidism have been shown to benefit from Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate by reducing elevated concentration level of phosphate in the blood.

Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate can be useful as a supplement for Bodybuilders who frequently have low calcium concentration level due to their high intake of proteins such as Micellar casein and Whey protein.

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Answer 9

Creatine

Creatine

Creatine (/ˈkriːətiːn/ or /ˈkriːətɪn/) is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates. Its main role is to facilitate recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell, primarily in muscle and brain tissue. This is achieved by recycling adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to ATP via donation of phosphate groups. Creatine also acts as a pH buffer in tissues.

Creatine synthesis primarily occurs in the liver and kidneys. On average, it is produced endogenously at an estimated rate of about 8.3 mmol or 1 gram per day in young adults. Creatine is also obtained through the diet at a rate of about 1 gram per day from an omnivorous diet. Most of the human body's total creatine and phosphocreatine stores are found in skeletal muscle, while the remainder is distributed in the blood, brain, and other tissues.

Creatine was identified in 1832 when Michel Eugène Chevreul isolated it from the basified water-extract of skeletal muscle. He later named the crystallized precipitate after the Greek word for meat, κρέας (kreas). In solution, creatine is in equilibrium with creatinine. Creatine is a derivative of the guanidinium cation.

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Answer 10

Creatine ethyl ester

Creatine ethyl ester

Creatine ethyl ester, also known as creatine ester, cre-ester and CEE, is a substance sold as an aid for athletic performance and for muscle development in bodybuilding. It is an ethyl ester derivative of creatine, from which it is made. In the body, CEE is converted back into creatine. CEE is said to have a much better absorption rate and a longer half-life in the body than regular creatine monohydrate, because it is slightly more lipophilic. It is also proposed to bypass the creatine transporter, thereby increasing skeletal muscle uptake of creatine and leading to an increased ability to regenerate ATP. However, in a published study comparing the two, CEE was not as effective at increasing serum and muscle creatine levels or in improving body composition, muscle mass, strength, and power. The same study found CEE to be comparable to placebo.

Research published in 2013 found that creatine ethyl ester is likely to be no better than taking creatine.

As a supplement, the compound was developed, patented and licensed through UNeMed, the technology transfer entity of the University of Nebraska Medical Center, and is sold under numerous brand names.

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