Zirconium(III) chloride
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
Zirconium trichloride
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| Cl3Zr | |
| Molar mass | 197.57 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Blue-black crystals |
| Density | 3.05 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 627 °C (1,161 °F; 900 K) at 760 mmHg |
| Reacts | |
| Solubility | Soluble in phenyls, CS2 |
| Structure | |
| Hexagonal, hP6 | |
| P63/mcm, No. 193 | |
| 6/m 2/m 2/m | |
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a = 6.36 Å, c = 6.14 Å
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
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| Thermochemistry | |
| 96.21 J/mol·K | |
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Std molar
entropy (S |
145.79 J/mol·K |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−714.21 kJ/mol |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Zirconium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with formula ZrCl3. It is a blue-black solid that is highly sensitive to air.
The material was first claimed by Ruff and Wallstein who reduced zirconium tetrachloride with aluminium to give impure samples. Subsequently, the problem with aluminium contamination was solved when it was prepared by reduction using zirconium metal:
When aluminium is used as the reducing agent with zirconium tetrachloride, a series of choloroaluminates are formed, for example [Zr(AlCl4)2(AlCl4)2] and Zr(AlCl4)3.
Since the trihalides, such as zirconium trichloride, are comparatively nonvolatile, contamination can be avoided by using a gaseous reductant. For example, zirconium trichloride can be prepared by reduction of zirconium tetrachloride with hydrogen.
Some zirconium halides (ZrCl3, ZrBr3, and ZrI3) have structures similar to HfI3. They also have similar space group (P63/mcm) and hexagonal structure with 2 molecules in the cell. The magnetic susceptibility of zirconium trichloride suggests metal-metal interactions of the unpaired electron on each Zr(III) center. The magnetic moment of ZrCl3 (0.4 BM) indicates considerable overlap of metal orbitals.
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