Ziram

Ziram

Names
IUPAC name Zinc; N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate
Identifiers
CAS Number	137-30-4 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.808
PubChem	8722
UNII	73D8UA974J Y
InChI InChI=1S/2C3H7NS2.Zn/c2*1-4(2)3(5)6;/h2*1-2H3,(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2 Key: DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES CN(C)C(=S)[S-].CN(C)C(=S)[S-].[Zn+2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Ziram or zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate is primarily used as an agricultural fungicide to control and prevent the spread of fungal infections. It functions as a protectant fungicide, which means it remains active on the plant’s surface where it forms a chemical barrier between the plant and a fungus. A protectant fungicide is not absorbed into the plant and must be applied prior to infection. Ziram can either be directly sprayed on to a plant’s leaf or it can be used as a soil and seed treatment. The top five crops ziram is used on are: almonds, peaches, nectarines, pears, and table and raisin grapes.

Alternatively, ziram is used as an additive ingredient in industrial adhesives, caulking, and paint. It also serves as a bird and mammal repellent on outdoor ornamental items. Annually, approximately 1.9 million pounds of the active ziram ingredient are used. Ziram is often sold in powder or granule form.

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

Reproductive effects

Birth effects

Cancer

Parkinson's disease

Ziram has been determined to have moderate acute toxicity. It is rated as toxicity category II/III for oral and dermal exposure, category II for inhalation, category I for eye irritation, and category IV for skin irritation, with category I being the most toxic and category IV being the least.

Tolerances for the amount of ziram considered acceptable in food are first calculated as zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, and then multiplied by a conversion factor of 0.6 to express the residue value in terms of carbon disulfide. Currently accepted tolerance for residues is 7 ppm for most uses. In 1986, the United States enacted the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act and the Pollution Prevention Act, which required companies releasing toxic chemicals to report to the EPA when and how much of the chemical was being spread. Ziram is on this list of toxic chemicals.