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Yakima Indian War

Yakima War
Part of the American Indian Wars
1855 U.S. Army artillery uniform.jpg
In a generic scene depicting a U.S. Army battery of light artillery in 1855, a first sergeant of the light artillery is shown in the left foreground in the new jacket issued for American mounted troops in 1854.
Date 1855-1858
Location Washington Territory
Result US victory
Belligerents
 United States
Snoqualmie tribe
Yakama tribe
Walla Walla tribe
Umatilla tribe
Nez Perce tribe
Cayuse tribe
Commanders and leaders
United States Isaac Stevens
United States Joel Palmer
United States Colonel George Wright
Chief Patkanim
Chief Kamiakin
Chief Leschi
Chief Kanaskat
Units involved
9th US Infantry
3rd US Artillery
6th US Infantry
4th US Infantry
USS Decatur
Snoqualmie warriors
Washington militia
Oregon militia
Yakama warriors
Walla Walla warriors
Umatilla warriors
Nisqually warriors
Cayuse warriors

The Yakima War (1855-1858) was a conflict between the United States and the Yakama, a Sahaptian-speaking people of the Northwest Plateau, then part of Washington Territory, and the tribal allies of each. It primarily took place in the southern interior of present-day Washington, with isolated battles in western Washington and the northern Inland Empire sometimes separately referred to as the Puget Sound War and the Palouse War, respectively. This conflict is also referred to as the Yakima Native American War of 1855.

Treaties between the United States and several Indian tribes in the Washington Territory resulted in reluctant tribal recognition of U.S. sovereignty over a vast amount of land in the Washington Territory. The tribes, in return for this recognition, were to receive half of the fish in the territory in perpetuity, awards of money and provisions, and reserved lands where white settlement would be prohibited.

While governor Isaac Stevens had guaranteed the inviolability of Native American territory following tribal accession to the treaties, he lacked the legal authority to enforce it pending ratification of the agreements by the United States Senate. Meanwhile, the widely-publicized discovery of gold in Yakama territory prompted an influx of unruly prospectors who traveled, unchecked, across the newly defined tribal lands, to the growing consternation of Indian leaders. In 1855 two of these prospectors were killed by Qualchin, the nephew of Kamiakin, after it was discovered they'd raped a Yakama woman.


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