XMM Newton
Artist's impression of the XMM-Newton spacecraft
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| Names | High Throughput X-ray Spectroscopy Mission X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission |
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| Mission type | X-ray astronomy | ||||||||
| Operator | European Space Agency | ||||||||
| COSPAR ID | 1999-066A | ||||||||
| SATCAT no. | 25989 | ||||||||
| Website |
http://sci.esa.int/xmm-newton/ http://xmm.esac.esa.int/ |
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| Mission duration | Planned: 2 years Elapsed: 17 years, 9 months and 5 days |
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| Spacecraft properties | |||||||||
| Manufacturer | Dornier Satellitensysteme, Carl Zeiss, Media Lario, Matra Marconi Space, BPD Difesa e Spazio, Fokker Space | ||||||||
| Launch mass | 3,764 kg (8,298 lb) | ||||||||
| Dry mass | 3,234 kg (7,130 lb) | ||||||||
| Dimensions | Length: 10.8 m (35 ft) Span: 16.16 m (53 ft) |
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| Power | 1,600 watts | ||||||||
| Start of mission | |||||||||
| Launch date | 10 December 1999, 14:32 UTC | ||||||||
| Rocket | Ariane 5G No. 504 | ||||||||
| Launch site | Guiana Space Centre ELA-3 | ||||||||
| Contractor | Arianespace | ||||||||
| Entered service | 1 July 2000 | ||||||||
| Orbital parameters | |||||||||
| Reference system | Geocentric | ||||||||
| Semi-major axis | 65,648.3 km (40,792.0 mi) | ||||||||
| Eccentricity | 0.816585 | ||||||||
| Perigee | 5,662.7 km (3,518.6 mi) | ||||||||
| Apogee | 112,877.6 km (70,138.9 mi) | ||||||||
| Inclination | 67.1338 degrees | ||||||||
| Period | 2789.9 minutes | ||||||||
| Epoch | 4 February 2016, 01:06:30 UTC | ||||||||
| Main telescope | |||||||||
| Type | 3 × Wolter type-1 | ||||||||
| Diameter | Outer mirror: 70 cm (28 in) Inner mirror: 30.6 cm (12 in) |
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| Focal length | 7.5 m (25 ft) | ||||||||
| Collecting area | 4,425 cm2 (686 sq in) at 1.5 keV 1,740 cm2 (270 sq in) at 8 keV |
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| Wavelengths | 0.1–12 nm (0.1–12 keV) | ||||||||
| Resolution | 5 to 14 arcseconds | ||||||||
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| Instruments | |
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| EPIC | European Photon Imaging Camera |
| RGS | Reflection Grating Spectrometer |
| OM | Optical Monitor |
ESA astrophysics insignia for XMM-Newton
XMM-Newton, also known as the High Throughput X-ray Spectroscopy Mission and the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission, is an X-ray space observatory launched by the European Space Agency in December 1999 on an Ariane 5 rocket. It is the second cornerstone mission of ESA's Horizon 2000 programme. Named after physicist and astronomer Sir Isaac Newton, the spacecraft is tasked with investigating interstellar X-ray sources, performing narrow- and broad-range spectroscopy, and performing the first simultaneous imaging of objects in both X-ray and optical (visible and ultraviolet) wavelengths.
Originally scheduled for a two-year mission, the spacecraft remains in good health and has received mission extensions through 2016. ESA plans to succeed XMM-Newton with the Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA), the second large mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-25 plan, to be launched in 2028. Its mission is similarly to NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, also launched in 1999.
As of May 2017, more than 5,000 papers have been published about either XMM-Newton or the scientific results it has returned.
The observational scope of XMM-Newton includes the detection of X-ray emissions from astronomical objects, detailed studies of star-forming regions, investigation of the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters, the environment of supermassive black holes and mapping of the mysterious dark matter.
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Wikipedia