Wolf cave
| Susiluola | |
The entrance to the Wolf Cave
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 location in Finland
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| Alternate name | Varggrottan |
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| Location | near Kristiinankaupunki |
| Region | Karijoki municipality in Finland |
| Coordinates | 62°18′11″N 21°40′17″E / 62.30306°N 21.67139°ECoordinates: 62°18′11″N 21°40′17″E / 62.30306°N 21.67139°E |
| Type | limestone |
| Length | 25 m (82.02 ft) |
| Area | 400 m2 (4,305.56 sq ft) |
| History | |
| Periods | Paleolithic |
| Cultures | Mousterian |
| Associated with | Neanderthal |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1997 to 2000, 2004 |
Wolf Cave (Finnish: Susiluola, Swedish: Varggrottan) is a crack in the Pyhävuori mountain (Swedish: Bötombergen) in Kristiinankaupunki, near the Karijoki municipality in Finland. The upper part of the crack has been packed with soil, forming a cave. In 1996, some objects were found in the cave that brought about speculations that it could have been inhabited in the Paleolithic, 120,000 to 130,000 years ago. These objects, if authentic, would be the only known Neanderthal artifacts in the Nordic countries.
In 1996, plans were made to empty the cave of soil and turn it into a tourist attraction, but during the process, stone objects that might have been created by humans were found and the work to empty the cave was halted. In 1997, an excavation of the cave was begun as a collaboration between the National Board of Antiquities, the Geological Survey of Finland, the Department of Geology of the University of Helsinki, and the Finnish Museum of Natural History. This excavation lasted until 2000 and was focused on determining the age of the materials, finding out if similar items could be found elsewhere in Europe, and reconstructing the prehistoric surroundings. The results were presented in a 2002 report.
Work was interrupted in 2001 because of the risk that the cave was about to collapse, in part as a result of the excavation itself, but the cave was stabilized in 2002, and a protecting wire netting of steel was set up to prevent chips of stone from falling. In 2003, a follow-up was carried out, and in 2004 the National Board of Antiquities received funds to start a three-year research project. Work began again later that year, and in the following years, excavations took place in the early summer each year.
After eight summers of digging, about 200 artifacts, some 600 pieces of strike waste, scrapers and bolt stone, and heated stones from an open fire have been found. The objects are made of various materials, including siltstone, quartz, quartzite, volcanic rock, jasper and sandstone; as siltstone and quartzite do not occur naturally in the area, at least some of these must have come from elsewhere.
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Wikipedia