Wolf Island
 Wolf Island
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| Geography | |
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| Location | Galápagos Islands, Ecuador |
| Coordinates | 1°22′57″N 91°48′54″W / 1.382506°N 91.815056°WCoordinates: 1°22′57″N 91°48′54″W / 1.382506°N 91.815056°W |
| Archipelago | Galápagos Islands |
| Administration | |
Wolf Island or Wenman Island is a small island in the Galápagos Islands and was named after the German geologist Theodor Wolf, who also has the volcano Wolf on Isabela Island named after him. It has an area of 1.3 square kilometres (0.5 square miles) and a maximum altitude of 253 metres (830 feet) above sea level.
The island is remote from the main island group and has no permanent population, the Galápagos National Park does not allow landing on the island, however it is a popular diving location. It was previously called Wenman Island.
Wolf Island is the remains of an extinct volcano that reaches a maximum 253 metres (830 feet) above sea level, it is situated north west of the main Galápagos Island group on the Wolf-Darwin Lineament that extends from the Galápagos Platform to the Galápagos Spreading Center, a mid ocean ridge separating the Nazca and Cocos tectonic plates. Like its near neighbour Darwin Island, Wolf Island is upstream of the magma plume, in terms of plate movement, that forms the main Galápagos Islands and does not fit in with the formation of those islands. There are currently two theories on the formation of the lineament and therefore Wolf island: the first is that magma rising from the mantle plume forming the main Galápagos Islands has been channelled towards the Galápagos Spreading Center; alternatively there has been a separate rise in magma caused by stress in the ocean lithosphere by a transform fault.
Wolf Island is the southerly island on the lineament. The volcano that formed Wolf Island is now extinct with last eruptions believed to have been 900,000–1,600,000 years ago, meaning the last eruptions occurred before the last eruptions on Darwin Island. The volcanic history of Wolf is complex, with at least two major eruptive phases. The southern area of the island is formed from flat basalt layers from two eruptive phases, the second of which formed a caldera that has now eroded. The lavas formed have been plagioclase ultraphyric basalts with large 4 cm crystals. This chemical makeup is similar to those found in lavas from the northern Galápagos Islands. The extent of the ultraphyric flows make up an unusually large percentage of the volume. There is large variation in the composition of the lavas between eruptive phases, with later flows being depleted.
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