William Garrow

The Right Honourable Sir William Garrow KC FRS
William Garrow in 1810, aged 50
Solicitor General for England and Wales
In office June 1812 – May 1813
Preceded by	Sir Thomas Plumer
Succeeded by	Sir Robert Dallas
Attorney General for England and Wales
In office May 1813 – 6 May 1817
Preceded by	Sir Thomas Plumer
Succeeded by	Sir Samuel Shepherd
Baron of the Exchequer
In office 6 May 1817 – 22 February 1832
Preceded by	Richard Richards
Succeeded by	John Gurney
Personal details
Born	13 April 1760 Hadley, Middlesex, England
Died	24 September 1840(1840-09-24) (aged 80) Ramsgate, Kent, England
Nationality	British
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Sarah Dore
Profession	Barrister, politician, Judge

Sir William Garrow PC KC FRS (13 April 1760 – 24 September 1840) was an English barrister, politician and judge known for his indirect reform of the advocacy system, which helped usher in the adversarial court system used in most common law nations today. He introduced the phrase "presumed innocent until proven guilty", insisting that defendants' accusers and their evidence be thoroughly tested in court. Born to a priest and his wife in Monken Hadley, then in Middlesex, Garrow was educated at his father's school in the village before being apprenticed to Thomas Southouse, an attorney in Cheapside, which preceded a pupillage with Mr. Crompton, a special pleader. A dedicated student of the law, Garrow frequently observed cases at the Old Bailey; as a result Crompton recommended that he become a solicitor or barrister. Garrow joined Lincoln's Inn in November 1778, and was called to the Bar on 27 November 1783. He quickly established himself as a criminal defence counsel, and in February 1793 was made a King's Counsel by HM Government to prosecute cases involving treason and felonies.

He was elected to Parliament in 1805 for Gatton, a rotten borough, and became Solicitor General for England and Wales in 1812 and Attorney General for England and Wales a year later. Although not happy in Parliament, having been returned only for political purposes, Garrow acted as one of the principal Whig spokesmen trying to stop criminal law reform as campaigned for by Samuel Romilly and also attempted to pass legislation to condemn animal cruelty. In 1817, he was made a Baron of the Exchequer and a Serjeant-at-Law, forcing his resignation from Parliament, and he spent the next 15 years as a judge. He was not particularly successful in the commercial cases the Exchequer specialised in, but when on Assize, used his criminal law knowledge from his years at the Bar to great effect. On his resignation in 1832 he was made a Privy Councillor, a sign of the respect HM Government had for him. He died on 24 September 1840.