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Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

Wilhelm Röntgen
Roentgen2.jpg
Born Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
(1845-03-27)27 March 1845
Lennep, Rhine Province, German Confederation
Died 10 February 1923(1923-02-10) (aged 77)
Munich, Bavaria, Germany
Nationality German/Dutch
Fields Physics
X-ray astronomy
Institutions
Alma mater
Doctoral advisor August Kundt
Doctoral students
Other notable students Franz S. Exner
Known for X-rays
Notable awards Matteucci Medal (1896)
Rumford Medal (1896)
Elliott Cresson Medal (1897)
Barnard Medal (1900)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1901)
Signature

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (/ˈrɛntɡən, -ən, ˈrʌnt-/;German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʁœntɡən]; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German/Dutch mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. In honour of his accomplishments, in 2004 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) named element 111, roentgenium, a radioactive element with multiple unstable isotopes, after him.

Born to a German father and a Dutch mother, he attended high school in Utrecht, The Netherlands. In 1865 he was expelled from high school when one of his teachers intercepted a caricature. Without a high school diploma, Rontgen could attend university in the Netherlands, but only as a visitor. In 1865, he tried to attend the University of Utrecht without having the necessary credentials required for a regular student. Upon hearing that he could enter the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich (today known as the ETH Zurich), he passed its examinations, and began studies there as a student of mechanical engineering. In 1869, he graduated with a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich; once there, he became a favorite student of Professor August Kundt, whom he followed to the University of Strassburg (then recently annexed by Germany) in 1873.


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