White feminism

White feminism is a form of feminism that focus on the struggles of well-off white women while failing to address the distinct forms of oppression faced by women of colour and women lacking other privileges. Such feminism is regarded by some authors to be in opposition to intersectionality and black feminism.

First-wave feminism began in the 19th century and continued into the early 20th century, and focused primarily on legal issues pertaining to women, especially women's suffrage. It was a movement predominantly organized and defined by middle-class, educated white women, and concentrated mostly on issues pertaining to them.

While some women of colour were embraced in the movement, such as suffragette Princess Sophia Duleep Singh among the British first-wave feminists, first-wave feminists were often opposed to women of colour joining their movement or benefiting from the rights for which the first-wave feminists fought. There is little evidence that black women participated in the British suffragette effort, and historian Jad Adams has said, "I wouldn't presume [black women] would have been welcome [in the suffrage movement] if they'd joined." In 1893, New Zealand became the first nation to grant women of all races the right to vote; this was met with anger from suffragists including Millicent Fawcett, who expressed displeasure that Māori women in one of the British colonies were able to vote, while British women of society were not.Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought against allowing black men the right to vote before white and black women in the United States of America. Anthony and Stanton were wary of creating an "aristocracy of sex"; rather, they proposed universal suffrage, such that the black community and women (including black women) get enfranchised at the same time. Anthony was a staunch abolitionist too.

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