White ethnic is a term used to refer to White Americans who are not or White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. They consist of a number of distinct groups and make up approximately 9.4% of the United States population. The term usually refers to the descendants of immigrants from Southern, Central and Eastern Europe, the Celtic language speaking areas of Europe, the Middle East/North Africa, and Latin America. Examples of white ethnics include Italians,Irish,Russians, Poles, Spanish, Portuguese, Greeks, Armenians, Hungarians, Slovaks, and Croats. Researchers and scholars also frequently consider Arabs, Jews, and Middle Eastern Christians like Assyrians and Lebanese Maronite Catholics as white ethnics.
In the 19th century, American industrial development caused millions of immigrants to emigrate from Europe to the United States. Many came to provide labor for the industrial growth of the Northeast and Midwest. A large number of Slavic, Magyar, Baltic, Celtic, and Mediterranean immigrants settled in the nation's growing cities. This immigration wave continued until 1924 when Congress enacted the Johnson-Reed Act, which restricted immigration from Southern European countries.