Westerners (Korean political faction)

Westerners 서인, 西人
Song Si-yeol, one of the most powerful and influential Westerners. His strife with his student Yun Jeung was one of the factors thar led to the Westerners dividing into the Soron and Noron.
Seonjo era leaders	Yi I, Seong Hon, Jeong Cheol, Jo Heon
Injo era leaders	Yi Gwi, Kim Ja-jeom, Kim Ryu, Choi Myung-kil
Hyojong era leaders	Kim Jib, Song Si-yeol, Song Jun-gil
Hyeonjong era leaders	Song Si-yeol, Song Jun-gil, Kim Su-hong
Sukjong era leaders	Song Si-yeol, Kim Su-hang, Park Se-chae, Yun Jeung
Founder	Sim Ui-gyeom
Founded	1575 (1575)
Dissolved	1683 (1683)
Split from	Sarim
Preceded by	Sarim
Succeeded by	Northerners, Southerners
Ideology	Philosophy of Yi I and Kim Jang-saeng
Religion	Neo-Confucianism

The Westerners (Hangul: 서인, Korean: Seoin, literally West Person, Hanja:西人) was a political faction that dominated Korea in the 17th century. In 1567, the Sarim split into the Easterners and Westerners. The Westerners remained the main contender of the Easterners in the Seonjo age, with Yi I as one of the most influential Westerners.

The Westerners lost power in the later years of the Seonjo age, and the Easterners and the factions that split from the Easterners had power throughout the last decade of the Seonjo age and the entirety of the Gwanghaegun age. However, the Westerners ousted Gwanghaegun from power in 1623, making Prince Neungyang king and causing the Westerners to regain power, which they had lost for a generation.

The Westerners had power for half a century, from 1623 to 1674, in which they were relatively unified. The era also led to the appearance of powerful Westerner politicians such as Song Si-yeol, Song Jun-gil, and Kim Su-hang, of which Song Si-yeol was the most influential. the Yesong debate of the Hyeonjong era finally toppled the Westerner government, and a Southerner government ruled for six years, until 1680.

The Westerners regained power in 1680 with the Gyeongsin Hwanguk. However, there was a dispute between the younger Westerners and the older Westerners in 1682 on whether Kim Ik-hun, one of the figures who had brought down the Southerners in 1680, should be punished. The younger Westerners thought that Kim should be punished, while the older Westerners did not. When Song Si-yeol took the side of the older Westerners in 1683, the younger Westerners were infuriated at Song. Those who wanted Kim to be punished became known as the Soron (young learning), while those who continued to follow Song became the Noron (old learning). With the Hoeni Dispute in 1684 between the Noron scholar Song Si-yeol and the Soron scholar Yun Jeung, the Westerners were divided forever.