Wave offering

The wave offering (Hebrew: tenufah תנופה) or sheaf offering or omer offering (korban omer) was an offering made by the Jewish priests in token of a solemn special presentation to God (Exodus 29:24, 26, 27; Leviticus 7:20-34; 8:27; 9:21; 10:14, 15, etc.). The sheaf or omer or wave-offering then became the property of the priests.

Leviticus 23:9 Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you enter the land which I am going to give to you and reap its harvest, then you shall bring in the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest. 11 He shall wave the sheaf before the Lord for you to be accepted; on the day after the sabbath the priest shall wave it. NASB

The first-fruits, a sheaf of barley, which is offered in connection with the Feast of Unleavened Bread, directly following the Passover; and the first-fruits of the second harvest, the loaves of bread, which are offered at Pentecost, were both wave-offerings.

The Levitical priests themselves were also offered to God by Aaron as a wave offering.

Omer is often rendered "sheaf" in English translations. The noun tenufah is formed from the verb nuf in the same way as terumah, the heave offering, is formed from rum "heave." Both types of offering occur together in Exodus 29:27 and in Leviticus 7:30-34: from the sacrificed ram, the breast with its fat constituted a wave offering and the right thigh constituted a heave offering, both being given to the priests as kohanic gifts.

In the Septuagint it was translated aphorisma (ἀφόρισμα).

The omer offering was discontinued following the destruction of the Second Temple. The leftover of the sheaf, the remnants of the omer, was counted as one of the twenty-four priestly gifts.

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