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Warsaw uprising

Warsaw Uprising
Part of Operation Tempest, World War II
Warsaw Uprising
Polish Home Army positions, outlined in red, on day 4 (4 August 1944)
Date 1 August – 2 October 1944
(2 months and 1 day)
Location Warsaw, Poland
52°13′48″N 21°00′39″E / 52.23000°N 21.01083°E / 52.23000; 21.01083Coordinates: 52°13′48″N 21°00′39″E / 52.23000°N 21.01083°E / 52.23000; 21.01083
Result German victory
Destruction of the city
Belligerents
Polish Underground State
United Kingdom Royal Air Force including Polish squadrons
(4 August – 21 September)
South Africa South African Air Force
United States US Army Air Force
(only on 18 September)
Poland Polish First Army
(from 14 September)
Soviet Union Soviet Air Force
(from 13 September)
 Germany
Commanders and leaders
Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski (POW)
Tadeusz Pełczyński  (POW)
Antoni Chruściel (POW)
Karol Ziemski  (POW)
Edward Pfeiffer  (POW)
Leopold Okulicki
Jan Mazurkiewicz
Poland Zygmunt Berling
Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky
Nazi Germany Walter Model
Nazi Germany Nikolaus von Vormann
Nazi Germany Rainer Stahel
Nazi Germany Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
Nazi Germany Heinz Reinefarth
Nazi Germany Bronislav Kaminski
Nazi Germany Oskar Dirlewanger
Nazi Germany Petro Dyachenko
Strength
Range 20,000 to 49,000 (initially) Range 13,000 to 25,000 (initially)
Casualties and losses

Polish resistance:
10,000 KIA
5,200–6,000 MIA
5,000 WIA
15,000 POW


Berling 1st Army: 5,660 casualties
German forces:
7,000–9,000 KIA
7,000 MIA
9,000 WIA
2,000 POW
310 tanks and armoured vehicles, 340 trucks and cars, 22 artillery pieces, one aircraft
150,000–200,000 civilians killed, 700,000 expelled from the city.

Polish resistance:
10,000 KIA
5,200–6,000 MIA
5,000 WIA
15,000 POW

The Warsaw Uprising (Polish: Powstanie Warszawskie; German: Warschauer Aufstand) was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army (Polish: Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. The uprising was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces. However, the Soviet advance stopped short, enabling the Germans to regroup and demolish the city while defeating the Polish resistance, which fought for 63 days with little outside support. The Uprising was the largest single military effort taken by any European resistance movement during World War II.

The Uprising began on 1 August 1944, as part of a nationwide plan, Operation Tempest, when the Soviet Army approached Warsaw. The main Polish objectives were to drive the German occupiers from the city and help with the larger fight against Germany and the Axis powers. Secondary political objectives were to liberate Warsaw before the Soviets, to underscore Polish sovereignty by empowering the Polish Underground State before the Soviet-backed Polish Committee of National Liberation could assume control. Also, short-term causes included the threat of a German round-up of able-bodied Poles, and Moscow radio calling for the Uprising to begin.


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