War of the American Independence

American Revolutionary War

Clockwise: Surrender of Lord Cornwallis after the Siege of Yorktown, Battle of Trenton, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Guilford Court House

Date	April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783 (8 years, 4 months and 15 days) Ratification effective: May 12, 1784
Location	Eastern North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian subcontinent,Central America, Europe,Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean
Result	Peace of Paris North America: Decisive American-Allied victory American independence recognized by Great Britain British retention of Canada Iroquois civil war Europe: British victory India: Anglo-Mysore war until 1784 End of the First British Empire French war debts contribute to a fiscal crisis that ultimately led to the French Revolution
Territorial changes	Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Minorca to Spain Great Britain cedes Tobago and Senegal to France Dutch Republic cedes Negapatnam to Great Britain

Belligerents

Thirteen Colonies
United States
Vermont
French Empire
Spanish Empire

Co-belligerents:
Dutch Republic
Mysore

Native Americans

British Empire
Hanover

German mercenaries

Hesse-Kassel
Hesse-Hanau
Waldeck
Brunswick
Ansbach
Anhalt-Zerbst

Native Americans

Commanders and leaders

Main Leaders
George Washington
Thomas Chittenden
Louis XVI
Charles III

William V

Hyder Ali

Main Leaders
George III
Lord North

Lord George Germain

Strength

United States:
Army:
40,000 (average)
200,000 (total served)
Navy:
5,000 sailors (peak 1779)
53 frigates and sloops (total served)
Privateers:
55,000 sailors (total served)
1,700 ships

Allies:
Army:
63,000 French and Spanish (Gibraltar)
Navy:
146 ships-of-the-line (1782)

Native American Allies:

Unknown

Great Britain:
Army:
48,000 (America peak)
121,000 (global 1781)
7,500 (Gibraltar)
Navy:
94 ships-of-the-line (1782)
104 frigates (1781)
37 sloops (1781)
171,000 sailors

Loyalist forces:
25,000 (total served)

German mercenaries:
30,000 (total served)

Native American Allies:

13,000

Casualties and losses

United States:
25,000–70,000 total dead
6,800 killed in battle
17,000 died of disease

France:
at least 7,000 dead
(2,112 in the United States)

Netherlands:

500 killed

Great Britain:
Army:
43,633 total dead
~9,372 killed in battle (Americas)
27,000 died of disease (Americas)
Navy:
1,243 killed in battle
18,500 died of disease (1776-1780)
42,000 deserted

Germans:
7,774 total dead
1,800 killed in battle

4,888 deserted

Peace of Paris

North America:

Europe:

India:

End of the First British Empire

Thirteen Colonies
United States
Vermont
French Empire
Spanish Empire

...
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