Vyākaraṇa

Vyakarana (Sanskrit: व्याकरण, Vyākaraṇa) literally means "explanation, analysis", and also refers to one of the six ancient Vedangas, or ancillary science connected with the Vedas – the scriptures of Hinduism.Vyakarana is the study of grammar and linguistic analysis in Sanskrit language.

Panini and Yaska are the two celebrated ancient scholars of Vyakarana; both are dated to several centuries prior to the start of the common era, with Panini likely from the 5th century BCE. Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī is the most important surviving text of the Vyakarana traditions. This text consists of eight chapters each divided into four padas, cumulatively containing 4000 sutras. The text is preceded by abbreviation rules grouping the phonemes of Sanskrit. Panini quotes ten ancient authorities, whose texts have not survived, but they are believed to have been Vyakarana scholars.

Vyakarana is related to the fourth Vedanga called Nirukta. The Vyakarana scholarship has dealt with linguistic analysis to establish the exact form of words to properly express ideas, while Nirukta scholarship has focussed on linguistic analysis to help establish the proper meaning of the words, given the context they are used in.

Vyakarana (Sanskrit: व्याकरण, IPA: [ʋjɑːkərəɳə]) means "separation, distinction, discrimination, analysis, explanation" of something. It also refers to one of the six Vedangas, or the Vedic field of language analysis, specifically grammatical analysis, grammar, linguistic conventions which creates, polishes, helps a writer express and helps a reader discriminate accurate language.

The word Vyakarana is also found in Mahayana Sutras and 1st millennium Mahayana Buddhist texts, but with a different meaning. Vyakarana, in these Buddhist texts, means a prediction or prophecy by a Buddha to a Bodhisattva who has just embarked on the path, that he will achieve enlightenment and be a Buddha.

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