Vosne-Romanée wine is produced in the commune of Vosne-Romanée in Côte de Nuits of Burgundy as well as in the neighbouring commune of Flagey-Échezeaux. The Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) Vosne-Romanée may only be used for red wine with Pinot noir as the main grape. There are a total of 15 Premier Cru vineyards in the two communes, as well as six Grand Cru vineyards in Vosne-Romanée and two in Flagey-Échezeaux. These Grand Cru vineyards include Burgundy's most iconic, sought-after and expensive red wines, with Romanée-Conti of Domaine de la Romanée-Conti at the pinnacle: "There can be little doubt that in the firmament of the Cote de nuits, Vosne-Romanée is the brightest star."
There is no Flagey-Échezeaux appellation; the village and Premier Cru vineyards of this commune are part of the Vosne-Romanée AOC.
In 2008, 153.6 hectares (380 acres) of vineyard surface was in production for Vosne-Romanée wine at village and Premier Cru level, and 5,955 hectoliters of wine was produced, corresponding to almost 800,000 bottles. Within both communes, there are also vineyards (on the flatter land to the east of the N74 road) which are only entitled to the regional Bourgogne appellation.
Mostly to the east of the town are the vineyards that are only entitled to the village appellation: "97 ha, mainly of thin but well-drained clay-limestone soils, topped with a pebbles and limestone scree. These produce wines which balance depth and richness with elegance and breed; often described as silky, they are usually marked by finesse and perfume which, together with their natural power, age beautifully ... [The premier crus in Vosne] occupy some 57 ha, often on slopes of up to 15%, and are mainly exposed to either the east or south-east. These soils tend to have less dept and contain a higher proportion of limestone than those in the village vineyards and the topsoil is mainly scree, making for excellent drainage. Quality is consistently high but there are marked differences in style."