Voiture État à 2 étages

Voiture État à deux étages
A train made of Voiture État à 2 étages at Pont-Cardinet in 1982.
Type and origin Power type Passenger car Builder Entreprises Industrielles Charentaises, Carel et Fouché Build date 1933 to 1934
Specifications Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) Fuel type Electric
Performance figures Maximum speed 120 km/h
Career Operators Chemin de fer de l'État Number in class 50 Retired 1984

The Voiture État à deux étages, (French: state double-deck passenger car), were a class of double-deck carriages built for the Chemin de fer de l'État (state railway) of France.

The suburbs of Paris having experienced a huge expansion at the beginning of the 20th century, the railway companies serving the Île-de-France region were faced with an increasing number of passengers travelling greater distances. The Chemin de Fer de l'Ouest's old carriages were no longer adequate and the Chemin de fer de l'État decided to design a new style of passenger car, capable of carrying passengers on two levels. Their aim was to avoid increasing the length of trains whilst increasing capacity.

The first ten carriages were delivered by Brissonneau et Lotz, now Alstom, in 1933.

The design was revolutionary and without precedent. Although unpowered, they had a driving cab at one end and were pushed and pulled by steam locomotives, such as the 141 TC Ouest and 141 TD Ouest. The cars possessed two vestibules, each with two sets of doors. At both ends of each carriage was a compartment with doors leading to the following carriage for interconnection. The upper deck had rows of five seats whilst the lower deck had four. The cabins allowed the driver to control the steam engine from the driving cab in the opposite end carriage while the locomotive was pushing (using controls actuated by compressed air pipes running through the train). They were thus true driving trailers for steam operation.

The Voiture État à 2 étages were used as unseparable sets of carriages and used for réversibilité, driving the train from the end passenger car and the steam locomotive pushing, on the Réseau Saint-Lazare. They often operated once in the morning, taking commuters to work, and once in the evening, returning them back home. They were also briefly used on the Réseau Montparnasse in shorter sets of six cars.